English language news articles from year 2007 plus find out everything about Asiatic Lion and Gir Forest. Latest News, Useful Articles, Links, Photos, Video Clips and Gujarati News of Gir Wildlife Sanctuary (Geer / Gir Forest - Home of Critically Endangered Species Asiatic Lion; Gir Lion; Panthera Leo Persica ; Indian Lion (Local Name 'SAVAJ' / 'SINH' / 'VANRAJ') located in South-Western Gujarat, State of INDIA), Big Cats, Wildlife, Conservation and Environment.
By , Ahmedabad Mirror | Updated: Apr 29, 2019, 08:54 IST Wildlife experts say not just cubs, but adult lions too may find it
difficult to adapt to forest environment back again after such a
prolonged stay in captivity.
The authorities have not yet set a date for the release of the
captive lions and cubs in Gir. However, Chief Conservator of Forest D T
Vasavada says the lions are healthy and doing well.
Principal Chief Conservator of Forest and Wildlife Warden A K Saxena
told Mirror, “The lions have been vaccinated, so we need to follow a
certain protocol before releasing them. They have to be kept under
observation for long periods as medical teams need to check their
immunity and analyse other effects of vaccines. Also, certain medical
tests have to be carried out to check whether or not these big cats have
started producing antibodies naturally.”
Cubs may have to remain captive for much longer, perhaps all life, as they have learnt to be fed artificially, Saxena added.
It all began six months ago when over 30 lions died in about 3
months’ time. In fact, over 23 of them died in just 20 days in September
2018 alone of suspected Canine Distemper Virus. Most of the deaths were
reported from Dalkhaniya range of Gir (east). Following this, 31 lions
were rescued from the affected area near Semerdi in Gir so as to avoid
more casualties. In Semerdi, an alarming 11 lions had died in a span of
three days.
The captured lions were housed at a veterinary facility in Devaliya.
They were given vaccines at specific times over a duration in keeping
with the protocol for such disease outbreaks.
HS Singh, retired Principal Chief Conservator of Forest and Chairman of Gujarat
Biodiversity Board said, “Since these captive lions have interacted so
much with humans during their treatment, it is not appropriate to
release them in their habitat. We don’t know how they will behave in the
wild.” With long periods of living near humans, the lions can lose fear
of humans and approach them fearlessly in the wild, leading to higher
incidence of animal-human conflict. On the other hand, these lions may
also have lost the ability to hunt which could affect their survival.
Singh added, “Their territory may also have been taken over by other
animals, which leaves them with more competition for food than
earlier.” Currently, there are more than 700 lions in the Gir region;
the numbers having grown at healthy rate in the last five years, with
the highest density being in Brihad Gir and Gir east. They are now
moving out to revenue areas and making new places their home.
The lions that got affected by the virus infection died of
respiratory and hepatic failure. After the receipt of test reports from
Pune-based Institute of Virology, the lions were rescued and given vaccine
shots. Department had ordered 300 shots of vaccines from US for the
lions in last six months. Recently the forest department ordered another
big consignment of 400 shots of the vaccine. “We need to keep in a
sufficient stock at all times,” said Saxena.
might never be released back into the wild
Read more at: https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/cover-story/captive-pride/articleshow/69087664.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Posted at: Apr 27 2019 10:58PMJunagadh, Apr 27 (UNI) A 50-year-old man was
killed by a crocodile on Saturday while he was bathing in Ambajal dam in
Visavadar area close to Gir forests in Junagadh district of Gujarat.
A forest official said that the deceased has been identified as
Bhanubhai Hamirbhai Chudasama, resident of Upleta. He had come to meet
his son Gudlabhai who cultivates vegetables in the catchment areas of
the dam close to Manadia beat of west Gir forests. UNI RAJ JW2258 http://www.uniindia.com/man-bathing-in-ambajal-dam-in-junagadh-killed-by-crocodile/west/news/1578832.html
Lioness dies in Gir, Gujarat; man-animal conflict continues
Junagadh, Apr 27 (UNI) The man-animal
conflict continued. In third death of a rescued Asiatic lioness of Gir
forests in a month, a wildcat died in this Gujarat district on Saturday.
CCF D T Vasavada said the feline, which was around 12 years of age,
was suffering from tumour wart in eye and had lost 100 per cent vision.
It was rescued on April 21 from a place near Suvardi Ness in Visavadar
range Khambhda round and Bajaria beat of West Gir forest. The serum
and blood samples of the animal were collected and it was treated for
eye wart and other wounds. It was under observation in ring cage. Earlier
on April 20, around 15-year-old lioness had died in Jamvala rescue
center at Gir Gadhada taluka of Gir Somnath district in Gujarat and on
March 27, an around 14-year-old Asiatic lioness had died at Sasan-Gir
rescue center in the same district. UNI RAJ RJ 2044 http://www.uniindia.com/~/lioness-dies-in-gir-gujarat-man-animal-conflict-continues/States/news/1578726.html
Credit: Getty ImagesResham Sengar|Times Travel Editor|TRAVEL NEWS, GUJARATApr 27, 2019, 00.02 IST More than a hundred years ago, the Sasan-Gir region, located 65 km towards the south-east of Junagadh city in the state of Gujarat,
was a full-fledged forest. It was frequented by the Indian Rajas and
British high officials, like Lord Curzon, for hunting excursions.
However, it was only in 1899 that the VIP men put a permanent stop to
their lion-hunting trips. It so happened that the count of lions
decreased due to a severe famine in the region. After India attained independence, the government completely banned hunting and poaching activities in the year 1960.
Later, in the year 1965, Sasan-Gir aka Gir was officially
established as a sanctuary for the endangered Asiatic lions. It is
spread over 412 sq km in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Apart from
the African wilderness, Gir is the only place, where the king of the
jungle can be found. That’s the reason why it draws wildlife
enthusiasts and researchers from around the planet. Not only lions but
more than 30 species of mammals, 600 plus species of plants, and a wide
range of birds and insects thrive in Gir sanctuary.
Visiting Gir to experience life in the wilderness is an experience best lived by safari. Additionally, there are decent accommodations for tourists near the sanctuary.
Credit: Getty Images
Safari Timing
6:30 AM to 8:30 AM
8:30 AM to 10:30 AM
3:00 PM to 5:30 PM
What else to do in Gir National Park? Visitors can take delight in a host of activities such as:
Bird watching
Visit to Devaliya Safari Park
Visit to Maldharis Tribe
Crocodile Breeding
Visit to Siddis Tribe
When to visit Gir National Park? Since the national park remains closed from June 16 to September 15
every year due to the monsoon, the ideal time to visit the place is
between December and March.
Credit: Getty Images
By Air The nearest airport located at Diu,
which is approximately 92 km from the national park. Another good
option is to take the flight to Rajkot. It is located 160 km from Gir.
By Rail Take the train to Junagadh from Ahmedabad or Rajkot. Hire a taxi from either of these railheads to Gir. The distance between Ahmedabad/Rajkot to Gir is 65 km.
By Road Gir National Park is 60 km from Junagadh, the most common base for
making a visit, and 360 km away from Ahmedabad. The main centre is at
Sasan Gir, and has a forest guest house maintained by the park, just
opposite the railway station.
Where to stay? Naturally, the next obvious question pertains to accommodation.
Tourists can choose from a number of three-star, four-star and five-star
lodges and resorts in the Gir region. Asiatic Lion Lodge - Sasan Gir Resort
and Hotel, The Gateway Hotel Gir Forest and Hotel Anil Farmhouse Gir
Jungle Resort are some of the cool options that the intending visitors
can consider.
This estimation, which comes ahead of the five-yearly lion census in
2020, puts the lion numbers at the highest ever in the history of
Gujarat. There are 523 lions in the state as per 2015 lion census.
Principal chief conservator of forest (wildlife) Akshay Saxena said lion conservation is a success in Gujarat despite setbacks like the 2018 canine distemper virus outbreak which wiped off 29 lions.
Fingers crossed over the healthy population, Saxena said, “The count
of 700 lions is just an observation ahead of the census and there could
be duplication in sighting. The exact numbers would be revealed only
after the official census is completed next year.”
The Gir sanctuary, spread over 1,412 sq km, is considered the last
abode of Asiatic lions in the world. After the lion population dipped to
an alarming 50 in 1920, it has steadily climbed and showed sustained
growth from 1985, leaping to 523 in 2015. Currently, lions are spread
over an area of 25,000 sq km across six districts in Saurashtra.
Significantly, an estimated half of the lion population lives in
unprotected areas, in close proximity with human settlements.
Forest dept to procure 150 satellite radio collars
Considering the wide presence of lions and risks involved in their
conservation, the forest department has decided to procure 150 satellite
radio collars. Rajiv Gupta, additional chief secretary of forest and
environment, said, “We are getting 150 radio collars to tag prides
mainly in outside sanctuary areas to keep tabs on their movement and
safety."
The Gujarat government has in the past given ample signs of healthy
growth in lion numbers. Chief minister Vijay Rupani in 2018 had said
lion population has crossed 600 due to exceptional conservation efforts.
In Delhi, minister of state for forest and tribal development Raman
Patkar had revealed in a press conference that lion
The Gujarat High Court has refused to provide any relief to the
state government in a public interest litigation (PIL) questioning the
intention of the state government in proposing the reduction of the
eco-sensitive zone for Gir Wildlife Sanctuary from 3.32 lakh hectares to
1.14 lakh hectare. Notably, the High Court in April last year had
restrained the government from issuing any final notification in this
regard.
During the hearing of the PIL on Thursday, the division bench of
Acting Chief Justice AS Dave and Justice Biren Vaishnav clarified that
no case was made out for vacating the interim relief granted to the
petitioner. While the state government had already submitted its reply
in the case attributing the decision to reduce the area under
eco-sensitive zone to objections received by local residents, the
counsel for the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change,
argued that the notifications issued by it are based on settled
guidelines and as per the proposal of the states.
Following the brief submission, the court adjourned the case till June 19, when it will be taken up for final hearing.
Through the PIL, the petitioner, Biren Padhya, has questioned the
state's intention to reduce eco-sensitive zone for Gir Wildlife
Sanctuary and National Park from 3.32 lakh hectares to 1.14 lakh
hectares. Padhya has also contended that if the state's proposal is
implemented, the area of the eco-sensitive zone which is minimum 8 km
and maximum 17 km will be reduced to just 500 meters at several
locations, extending up to a maximum of 4 km from the sanctuary.
VESTED INTEREST
Petitioner Biren
Pandhya contended that the reduction of the eco-sensitive zone may prove
detrimental to the population of Asiatic Lions in the area and is being
done due to the pressure exerted by the tourism and mining lobby.
Fota Wildlife Park How cute are these little Asian lion cubs?
They
were born eight weeks ago at the Fota Wildlife Park in County Cork in
Ireland, to second time parents, mother Gira and father Shanto. So far staff aren't sure whether the cubs are girls or boys, and they haven't been given names. Now staff want the public to name them, and be in with a chance to win one of four a year-long Conservation Annual Pass. Their
parents first litter, born one and a half years old, are called Amira,
Arya and Loki, and live in their specially designed habitat in Fota
Wildlife Park, with their parents, new siblings, and aunt Gita. Fota
Lead Ranger Kelly Lambe said "We are thrilled with the arrival of this
litter of four Asian lion cubs at Fota Wildlife Park. This species is
endangered and now inhabits only one remaining site in the world - the
Gir Forest, in India, which means that wildlife parks and zoos play a
crucial role in safeguarding the species and maintaining the genetic
diversity outside of the pocket of the wild population.
What do we know about Asian Lions?
Almost
all the world's population of wild lions live in sub-Sharan Africa
except for the Asian lion which inhabits the Gir Forest in India, which
has now become a reserve for this endangered species.
There
are now only 500 Asian lions living in the wild, so breeding them in
zoos and wildlife parks do is very important to make sure the species
survives long into the future.
"We are delighted that there are four cubs thriving and they are all feeding and bonding well with their mum, Gira." Fota
Wildlife Park opened the Asian Sanctuary in 2015, and it is now home to
some of Asia's most endangered species such as the Indian rhino, the
Sumatran tiger and the Asian lion. Do
you fancy giving these cubs some names? You can go to the wildlife park
website to put your suggestions forward for consideration. Let us know in the comments what names you've gone for!
Ahmedabad Mirror | Updated: Apr 21, 2019, 12:46 IST
https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/others/lioness-dies-of-dehydration-in-gir/articleshow/68974755.cms
Read more at: https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/others/lioness-dies-of-dehydration-in-gir/articleshow/68974755.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
What
inspired Premji Patel to leave city life behind and spend the rest of
his life nurturing nature? A story of an African shepherd who
accidentally planted a forest on barren land!
Premji Patel
longed for his hometown in Gujarat. Though a trader in Mumbai, he was
unimpressed by the skyscrapers, the fast life and the ambitious people
scurrying around to make a name for themselves. The city life wasn’t
exactly his cup of tea.
Often, it takes a strong dose of inspiration to push us to make an
important life decision. For Patel, it was a story about an African
shepherd. The shepherd, he read, had accidentally planted seeds along
his regular path and ended up converting barren land into a lush forest!
This story, from a distant land, was instrumental in changing the
course of Patel’s life. From a trader in the busy city of Mumbai, Patel
would go on to earn national recognition for transforming the districts
of Rajkot, Gondal, and Mangrol of Gujarat into a dense forest.
Patel had received the book with the story emphasising the amazing
efforts of a shepherd as a gift from his son in 1967. On his next trip
home, in Rajkot, he started asking the senior citizens about flora and
fauna in his hometown. It was eye-opening
for him to know that the land that had lain barren for all his life was
once teeming with green life—a forest ranging from Gir to Dwarka for a
distance of about 285 km!
The journey toward a lush forest begins with a seed:
“Bapuji did not remember the small book of a few pages, but
he remembered the lesson and started collecting seeds and made a
consortium of seed collectors and suppliers across India,” says
Yashodhar Dixit, referring to 86-year-old Patel. By the end of the year
2010, Patel had sprinkled 550 tons of seeds of various varieties (Local)
and covered nearly the entire districts of Rajkot, Gondal, and Mangrol
of Gujarat state.
“Through several projects, he planted nearly one crore trees and his
work had been acclaimed by Late Dr APJ Abdul Kalam,” Yashodhar informs, The Better India.
Although Patel’s achievements are massive, he began with a very simple idea. Every village has a temple
that its devotees frequent. He started planting trees around the
temples, a place with a relatively low risk of people cutting them. He
had hired a person to buy seeds and plant them. The process took time,
but it was an experiment worth waiting for.
As soon as Patel realised that his efforts are bearing fruit, he planned the next step.
It wasn’t long before he formed a network of seed collectors, buyers,
and sellers, knowing all too well that even if a fraction of his seeds
survived and grew into trees, a considerable amount of his land would
turn green again.
The Vruksha Prem Seva Trust (VPST),
which Patel started in 1968, records that he collected 550 tons of
seeds of trees like Prosopis Julliflora and local varieties like aawal, grass seeds, karanj, neem,palash, etc. For three decades, Patel dedicated all his efforts to planting and taking care of the trees.
Patel’s vision, however, towered above the gigantic trees that he had
spent a large portion of his time fostering. The aim was not just to
increase the green cover over Gujarat’s Saurashtra and Rajkot. Instead,
it was to solve or at least reduce the water woes of the local farming
communities.
“Along with trees we started well-recharge projects, and for the
same, cement, and pipes were supplied to farmers to bring water from
wells to the farms. This was done in the 1980s, and there was no looking
back from here. The Gujarat government started check dam program in
consultation with Vruksha Prem, and till date, we have constructed more
than 2,500 check dams across Saurashtra region,” Dixit, a trustee of
VPST says.
Making Rajkot drought free:
Few can understand the value of water more than a farmer. One month
of monsoon too early or too late spells doom for thousands of farmers
who have spent their entire year caring for the crop. Scanty or
excessive rainfall means the farmer has nothing but his savings to
survive on for the following year. And as rains diminish year after
year, so do the financial condition of the poor farmer.
With a parched land, a sky devoid of clouds and crops dying of
thirst, many farmers find no other solution but to resort to extreme,
fatal ways out.
Noting how urgently the farmers needed someone to provide water to cultivate their crops, Patel began his crusade.
Back in the 1970s, Patel had brought about 18,000 hectares of land in
54 villages under a watershed development programme to help the farmers
secure their water needs through natural, non-invasive and inexpensive
ways.
According to the Central Ground Water Board of India (CGWB),
“These projects involved the construction of 21,600 dams covering 1,500
ha land benefitting around 5,500 families. Before this, the trust had
undertaken the activity of well recharging in six districts of
Saurashtra wherein 50,000 feet lengths of cement pipes were distributed
among the villagers.”
What VPST has achieved so far:
6,250 hectares of land so far provided with water to ease farmers woes.
As a result, 2,100 families were directly benefited.
30,000 trees were planted around the dam areas to balance the ecology of the region.
Overall, these initiatives have provided a secure income to the families and in most cases, even increased their annual income.
Tells Dixit, “The Gujarat government has also invited various NGOs
for Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting projects, and VPST is awarded the
highest number of houses for being given this facility. Till date, we
have completed 4600 rooftop rainwater harvesting projects giving
benefits to nearly 20000 people directly.”
Fota Wildlife Park has announced the birth of four endangered lion cubs. The
four lion cubs are yet to be named and are currently unsexed but Fota
is looking for the public to help name the newest additions to mother
Gira and father Shanto's family. The winning names will each be rewarded
with a year-long conservation pass.
Fota Announces the birth of endangered Asian lion cubs. Pic Darragh Kane
Born
on February 20th, the four cubs see the family grow, with the first
litter born a year and a half ago, along with aunt Gita.
While it's a happy time for the endangered Asian lions, there were initially five cubs but one was stillborn.
Speaking
about the latest additions to Gira and Shanto's family, Lead
Ranger Kelly Lambe said: "We are thrilled with the arrival of this
litter of four Asian lion cubs at Fota Wildlife Park. This species is
endangered and now inhabits only one remaining site in the world – the
Gir Forest, in India, which means that wildlife parks and zoos play a
crucial role in safeguarding the species and maintaining the genetic
diversity outside of the pocket of the wild population."
Fota
Wildlife Park announced to the public the birth of four Asian lion
cubs, who were born on the 20th February to second-time parents, mother
Gira and father Shanto. Pic Darragh Kane
Lambe
continued: "Unfortunately, one of the cubs was stillborn, however, five
in a litter in extremely rare and we are delighted that there are four
cubs thriving and they are all feeding and bonding well with Mum Gira.
It’s Gira’s second litter with our male lion, Shanto, and she is a
protective mum. We vaccinated and weighted them all yesterday and they
all weight exactly the same – 7.15kg.”
Sisters Gira and Gita were
brought to Fota's Asian Sanctuary in 2016 and the pride expanded in
2017 when Gira and Shanto became first-time parents when Amira, Arya and
Loki were born in 2017.
Fota is asking the public to name the four new lion cubs. Pic Darragh Kane
The latest addition to the Asian lion pride is welcomed with only 500 left in the wild.
You can enter a name suggestion for the new cubs and be in with a chance of winning a year-long conservation pass by clicking here. https://www.echolive.ie/corknews/Endangered-lions-born-in-Fota-Wildlife-Park-ba07f9e7-5ef4-4fa0-97ab-e9c158072e57-ds
More than 20
lions were spotted last evening in a village in Gujarat's Amreli
district. The lions were sighted last evening and locals believe they
may have come from the neighbouring Dhari forest.
20 lions venture out of forest in Gujarat's Amreli | Watch
More
than 20 lions were spotted last evening in a village in Gujarat's
Amreli district. The lions were sighted last evening and locals believe
they may have come from the neighbouring Dhari forest.
Lions were probably out to look for water.
This
is not the first time lions have been sighted in Amreli. Earlier also
there have been reports of lions walking on the highway and railway
tracks in Amreli.
Lions
in Gir forests have been living on edge since various infrastructural
development projects started taking shape in the area. Last year there
were reports of three lions mowed down by a train in Amreli.
Births help protect the subspecies which has just one remaining habitat in the wild
Fota Wildlife Park’s Asian lion Gita and her four, as yet unnamed, eight-week-old cubs. Photograph: Darragh Kane
Fota Wildlife Park
in Cork has announced the birth of four Asiatic lion cubs (Panthera leo
persica) which are part of an endangered subspecies whose last
remaining natural habitat is in the state of Gujarat in western India.
The cubs were born
to mother, Gira and father, Shanto on February 20th but their sex is
not yet known as it is not considered wise to attempt to remove a
newborn cub from its mother for examination. There were initially to be
five cubs, but one was stillborn.
In a previous
litter in 2017, Gira and Shanto had three cubs - females Amira, Arya and
male Loki. The three are due to be re-homed soon as part of the
European Endangered Species Breeding Programme.
Gira and her
sister Gita came to Cork in 2016 from a zoo in Helsinki, Finland, where
Amira and Arya will be going to live. A new home for Loki has not yet
been identified.
Fota Wildlife Park
director Sean McKeown said the pride was doing well and that having a
four-strong litter was important when it came to safeguarding the
subspecies of lion, of which there are just 500 in the wild.
The Asiatic lion
is smaller than its African cousins. Mating is not seasonal and takes
place year round. Males reach sexual maturity at around five years and
female at around four. The gestation period lasts for between 100 and
119 days after which up to six cubs can be born, but one to three is
more usual.
Unlike African
lions, the males do not tend to live with the females of their pride
unless they are mating or have a large kill to eat.
The Asiatic lion is a carnivore and its typical diet consists of deer, antelope, wild boar and buffalo.
Near-extinction
Asiatic
lions used to range from Turkey across Asia to eastern India, but the
rise of firearms across the world meant that they were hunted to
near-extinction for sport.
The male Asiatic
lion has a relatively short, sparse and darker mane compared to the
fuller mane of the African lion. As a result, the male Asiatic lion’s
ears tend to remain visible. The most distinguishing characteristic of
the Asiatic lion is the longitudinal fold of skin that runs along its
belly, absent in African lions.
Due to
conservation initiatives, the small population is steadily increasing
but the species is listed as endangered by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as it is still vulnerable to many
threats.
According to Fota,
an outbreak of contagious disease or natural disaster could have
drastic consequences for the species and newborns are vaccinated.
Fota is holding a competition to name the cubs with more details available on fotawildlife.ie. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/four-asiatic-lion-cubs-successfully-bred-in-fota-wildlife-park-1.3864807
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Forestry Equipment sales channel, distributors, customers, research
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Injection Molding Parts (MIM Parts) Market 2019: Global Industry Size,
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Some animals and birds have learned to live like us.
Recently, I watched a short video clip of a pair of gigantic wild
tuskers crossing the Bengaluru-Mysuru highway, which was busy even at 2
am. Later, they crossed again during the day, when traffic thundered up
and down incessantly. They crossed with more care than most of us do,
looking right and left before stepping forth. There was another short
clip showing elephants stepping over a knocked-down, but live, electric
fence. They did so with great caution, lifting each huge leg well above
the wires, and keeping trunks and tails out of the way. Both clips drew
laughter and admiration from viewers, who admired the good sense that
the animals displayed. A friend, however, remarked that it was really
sad: elephants should not need to know how to cross roads or step over
electrified fences.
Ever since we began barging into their spaces, wild animals have had
to either flee deeper into the forests or adapt and learn to live with
us. Animals like elephants and tigers use forest corridors to get from
one forest to another and we have encroached on these, building
expressways or setting up tea and coffee plantations. Still, elephants
will use these traditional routes, even if a little warily, and, of
course, sometimes, there is trouble. Roads and highways running through
wildlife territories pose a grave danger: because we drive recklessly,
an inordinately high number of animals get run over and killed.
In Gujarat’s Gir forest, the problem seems to be developing the other
way around (not that we have left the National Park and Sanctuary
sacrosanct). The lions are now bursting out of the protected area into
the southern regions of the forest and into what we see as “our” space.
While, generally, both humans and lions are learning to live with each
other, you really wonder how tenable this situation will be in the
future: we are turning increasingly intolerant and lynch-loving, and as
the lion population grows, so will hostile interactions.
Leopards, too, have quickly learned to adapt to semi-urban living. As
long as they have a forest to take cover in, they’re quite happy to be
living on the edges of urban areas, taking dogs, pigs and goats (and
tragically, the odd child). Gurugram and Borivali (in Mumbai) are prime
examples. But leopards frequently land in trouble, somehow finding
themselves in someone’s bathroom or at the bottom of a well. The
hysteria displayed by us in these situations is, to say the least,
totally unedifying.
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Some animals have, of course, taken the battle to us — and may even
be getting the better of us. Rhesus macaques (which enjoy religious
sanctity) have discovered the attractions of living near temples and big
city markets and have moved into cities like Jaipur and Delhi en masse
for generations now. These city-bred simians are not in the least
afraid of us, and will mob you if you raise a hand against them. We,
however, appear keener to throw them papaya and parantha
parties, which suits them just fine. There’s a story about how the
British caught city-monkeys by the trainload and shunted them out into
the wilderness, from where they promptly caught the next train back into
town. But ask the people in the hills, and they will say that city-bred
hoodlum macaques have been secretly released in their areas and have
begun creating havoc there, destroying their crops and orchards and
terrorising them, as well as the genteel local macaques.
Birds, too, have learned to adapt to human surroundings. Egrets
normally fished or caught insects flushed by wild herbivores: then they
discovered that a far more reliable way of catching insects was to
follow herds of livestock which were brought out for grazing, day after
day, without fail. Now, alas, they’ve also discovered (as have several
other species) our garbage dumps and landfills. Crows and kites probably
can’t live without us. Gulls, too, so pristine and sleek, seem to have
forsaken fishing on the high seas and simply follow fishing trawlers.
Huge flocks have discovered that rivers running through towns and cities
are a good place to spend time in, because people feed them namkeen
mixture. If a flock of gulls expects a handout and you don’t have
anything on hand, it may mob you like the birds in the Alfred Hitchcock
film.
The house sparrow, too, moved in from the wild grasslands once we
began cultivating seed crops, like wheat and bajra. First, they followed
farmers to their farmyards, and then to the markets where the amount of
grain spill provided enough fare. Then, they expanded their diet and
became permanent (non-rent-paying) tenants with us. This went on until
recently when, due to reasons still being argued over, they began to
disappear.
The birds that are giving us a good dose of our own medicine are the
blue rock pigeons. They breed, virally, like us. The males behave
disgracefully most of the time — they bully and drive away smaller birds
and set up home and make a stinking mess virtually everywhere. But
then, can we really say that we didn’t deserve this? Ranjit Lal is an author, environmentalist and bird watcher.
Portion of Jan Brueghel I’s “The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man” (1612)
Public Domain
It seems that when many outsiders think of the nation of Israel, they think, Middle East, desert, dry, a general lack of flora and fauna. Actually,
compared to other Middle Eastern nations, Israel is very verdant, with a
wide diversity of natural beauty. Still, it is true that Israel has a
very arid environment and is comparatively less populated with diverse
animals than many other countries around the world.
Yet the Bible
paints a very different picture, one with lions, bears, leopards and
ostriches. Around 100 different creatures are described in the Bible,
most of which are described as native to Israel or the Middle East.
Could such exotic animals really have lived in this territory? How did
the ancient biblical writers even know about some of these animals? Let’s look at some of the animals that actually did roam the land of Israel and the wider Middle East thousands of years ago, during the periods in which the Bible was written.
Lions
are featured regularly throughout the Bible, both in symbolism as well
as historical reference. Samson killed a lion with his bare hands on a
journey to the then-Philistine territory of Timnath (Judges 14—click here for a tantalizing artifact referencing this “duel”). David
killed a lion while protecting his father’s flocks in Bethlehem (1
Samuel 17). A disobedient prophet was killed by a lion in Bethel (1
Kings 13). Lions are, in fact, referenced over 150 times in the Hebrew Bible. But really, lions in Israel?
Actually, lions did once flourish in and around the Holy Land. The species is known as the Asiatic lion. They are believed to have become extinct within Israel at the time of the Crusades—around 1200 c.e.—and
became extinct in the wider Middle East during the 20th century. These
animals can now be found only in the Indian state of Gujarat, and they
are endangered. Modern examples of these lions are about the same size
as central African lions, with males weighing up to 200 kilograms (440
pounds). However, a 17th-century Indian emperor reportedly killed a
beast weighing just over 300 kilograms (660 pounds). This gives some
idea of the potential size of beasts faced by Samson and David. A Nineveh palace relief in the British Museum depicts Assyrian King Ashurbanipal hunting lions (645–635 B.C.E.).
Bears
are mentioned 12 times in the Hebrew Bible. David, again, killed one
while protecting his father’s flocks (1 Samuel 17). And two bears
attacked a group of wild youths harassing the Prophet Elisha (2 Kings 2). A Syrian brown bear at the Biblical Zoo in Jerusalem
The bear species of this region is known as the Syrian brown bear. And
while it is believed to be extinct in Israel, examples still live
within the region of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and even as far south as Syria
and Lebanon (although sightings
are incredibly rare, due to poaching and habitat loss). The Syrian
brown bear is the smallest species of the brown bear family, yet these
animals still weigh up to 250 kilograms (550 pounds).
Leopards
These
animals are mentioned six times in the Bible. None of the references
depict literal historical events relating to leopards, but rather give
metaphorical or prophetic contexts.
Leopards continue to live in Israel. Known as the Arabian leopard (also as the Judean desert leopard
within Israel), this species is limited to the Arabian Peninsula,
dispersed across such areas as Israel, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It is the
smallest of the leopard family, but is still the biggest wildcat in the
Arabian Peninsula. An estimated 200 of these leopards remain in the
wild, making their status critically endangered. A Judean desert leopard in Ein Gedi
The
following animals are not necessarily unusual in themselves, but they
are all unique, for various reasons, in the way they are described—or
misinterpreted—in the biblical account.
Foxes
This animal is referenced in Judges 15: Samson captured 300 foxes, tied flaming torches to them, and set them free among the Philistine
crops in order to burn them to the ground. This account has had its
fair share of mockery. The following is from the great 18th-century
French writer, historian and religious critic Voltaire in The Questions of Zapata:
I
beg of you to tell me by what dexterity Samson took 300 foxes, and
tying them together tail by tail, put a firebrand in the midst between
two tails, to set on fire the corn of the Philistines? The fox is only
an inhabitant of woody countries, there were no forests in this canton,
and it appears rather difficult to catch 300 live foxes and tie them one
to each other by the tails.
The primary “impossibility” of the account is the fact that foxes are solitary animals. Thus, finding 300 of them on one occasion is rather outlandish. A golden jackal in Yarkon Park, Israel
But Voltaire makes the classic critic’s mistake—rushing to judgment based on hasty assumption rather than careful research. The Hebrew word shu’al doesn’t actually refer to foxes at all—it refers to a member of the fox family, the jackal. Jackals do congregate
in large groups, making it far easier for Samson to catch the number
that he did (still, though, quite a feat). Jackals were unknown to
Europe, and so the word was translated as fox. (Not to mention
the presumptiveness of Voltaire in stating that there were no forests in
the region—ancient Israel was far more verdant and forested thousands
of years ago.)
Camels
Camels are not an unusual animal to
Israel. However, we mention them here because they have been the subject
of much biblical criticism. The reason? The Bible describes Abraham and Jacob
owning camels. According to zooarchaeological research, domesticated
camels didn’t come to Israel or the wider Levant until c. 930 b.c.e., nearly 1,000 years after the period of the patriarchs.
This
much publicized “proof against the Bible” has again, though, been shown
to be a baseless argument. Abraham was not native to Canaan—he hailed
from a land where camels had already long been domesticated. Further,
the “conclusive” research was based upon a very small geographical area
of excavation. And the Bible actually contains very little about camels
during the early patriarchal period. Thus, the paucity of physical
evidence of domesticated camels helps to confirm the biblical portrayal
of this beast as a relatively unimportant early animal. Still, evidence does exist
of much earlier camel domestication in the Levant. And further, the new
research actually helps illustrate a wider regional shift, that is described in the Bible, that occurred circa 930 b.c.e.—the invasion of Pharaoh Shishak. Take a look at our article “Camels: Proof That the Bible Is False?” for more information on how camel remains actually prove the biblical account, rather than disprove it.
Sheep
It
doesn’t get more “common” than sheep. Yet they deserve a mention,
because their presence in the ancient Levant was somewhat unusual.
Archaeological evidence shows that during the Middle Bronze Age (circa 2000–1550 b.c.e.), sheep trading wasn’t particularly common in Canaan.
The preferred livestock were goats, which were much hardier and a
better fit for the environment. However, it was also during this time
that the patriarch Abraham was on the scene. The Bible describes Abraham
as a sheepmaster, owning large flocks. One of the primary locations in
which he established himself was Hebron.
Dating to this early Canaanite time period, a cuneiform inscription was discovered in Hebron
listing quantities of sheep bought and sold to Semitic peoples in the
land. One of these individuals could have been Abraham himself, or
perhaps one of his children or grandchildren. (It is interesting that
whenever you find Israelites, you seem to find sheep.) Again, this helps to further illustrate the accuracy of the biblical account.
In
summary: The Bible is history’s most misunderstood and maligned book.
But whether you believe it or not, it certainly has to be regarded as
history’s most incredible work. The Bible truly is a remarkable,
dynamic, multifaceted book. It contains history, prophecy, laws, poetry
and advanced scientific and medical knowledge only recently “discovered.” And as described in part above, it is a zoologist’s and botanist’s dream in describing ancient flora and fauna.
Written
over the course of more than 1,000 years by dozens of writers across
multiple countries, the Bible still retains the title of most popular
and most translated book in the world. More than 2.5 billion copies have
been sold, and it has been translated, at least in part, into more than
2,000 languages. The Bible truly is a unique book. And for such a
unique book, perhaps there is more inspiration to it than meets the eye.
Updated Apr 12, 2019 | 19:17 IST
| Mirror Now Digital
Villagers from Pavi Jetpur village in Gujarat managed to rescue a
leopard who had fallen into a well by pulling him using a cot. The big
cat then escaped into a nearby forest.
The animal escaped into the forest after it was pulled out (Representative Image) | Photo Credit: BCCL
Vadodara: With reports of escalations in the
man-animal conflict emerging from all quarters of the country, a
heart-warming instance has come to light from Pavi Jetpur village in
Gujarat where locals managed to save the life of a four-year-old leopard
who fell into a well earlier this week. Reports suggest that the big
cat was rescued by villagers around midnight on Wednesday.
Locals heard the leopard roaring after it fell into a well at a farm
in Naravaniya village which is when state forest department officials
were alerted and arrived at the spot. Soon after, a cot was lowered into
the well and the big cat was pulled out. A forest ranger claimed that
people were asked to move away from the well when the leopard was being
pulled out. He added that once pulled out, the animal escaped to a
nearby forest without harming anyone.
This
incident comes less than a week after a woman died in Hasnapur forest
settlement village in Gir forest division near Visavadar town in
Junagadh district of Gujarat following a leopard attack. Wildlife
officials told media outlets that the elderly woman was attacked when
she was resting outside her home on a charpoy in the verandah of her
home. She was rushed to the government hospital in Visavadar and later
referred to a hospital in Junagarh. Unfortunately, the woman succumbed
on the way to Junagarh.
In March of this year, a three-year-old leopardess was run
over by a speeding vehicle on the Vadodara-Mumbai Highway in Valsad
district. A senior official with the Gujarat State Forest Department had
told media outlets that internal hemorrhage was identified as the cause
of her death following a post-mortem. He also added that the deceased
animal's body was burnt in accordance with guidelines prescribed by the
wildlife department.
Tulsishyam shares its border with Gir National Park, Photo Credit: GettyImages
We often hear about mysterious phenomenons in our
country, but none comes as close to the anti-gravity hill in Tulsishyam
in Gujarat. This place is strangely absolved from the effects of
gravitational force. You know it’s true when your vehicle starts moving
uphill on its own, even when its on neutral and without the use of
handbrakes.
Located in between Amreli district and Junagadh
district, and sharing its border with Gir Forest National Park,
Tulsishyam is famous for its 3,000-year-old Krishna Temple that houses a
hot water spring known for its healing powers. However, everything in
Tulsishyam looks ordinary, except for the ‘anti-gravity hill.’
In reality, it’s not really the crooked vortexes in Earth’s
gravitational field that causes the phenomenon; rather it’s an optical
illusion occurring due to the structure of land on either side of the
road. Though it looks like everything including the cars are rolling up
hill; in reality they are only sloping downward, the way they should
be. The horizon and the surrounding vistas trick the brain into assuming
the slope as uphill. Which is why, you constantly feel like everything
is being pulled upward.
The locals living in this area are quite
superstitious, and harbour the belief that this phenomenon is actually a
supernatural occurrence. An interaction with them will reveal that they
think of it as a gateway to heaven. Another place in India where you
can have a similar experience is the Magnetic Hills in Leh.
The
concept of anti-gravity also exists in other parts of the world such as
Electric Bae in Scotland, Gravity Hill Washington, Confusion Hill in
California and the Gansu in China.
The big cat's epic trek gives hope that one day another tiger will
complete a journey to the Gir Forest, home to lions and leopards.
By Virginia Morell
PUBLISHED
A young male tiger set off on an exploratory walkabout in northwestern India
about two years ago. Approaching adulthood, he needed to find his own
turf—increasingly difficult in his natal Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary, in
the state of Madhya Pradesh, where some 34 other Bengal tigers live.
The wildlife officers in charge of the 318-square-mile reserve knew the big cat was on the move and tracked his prints and the claw marks he left on trees until he left Ratapani, in December 2017.
They don’t know what clues to new lands he followed as he traversed
the landscape beyond the sanctuary’s forests, but ultimately his epic
186-mile journey (one of the longest recorded tiger treks) brought him
to the neighboring Gujarat state, where tigers went extinct nearly 30
years ago.
Along the way, he likely stuck to forest patches, where he could hunt
wild pigs and nilgai, the largest Asian antelope, says Prakriti
Srivastava, an Indian Forest Service officer and country director with
the nonprofit Wildlife Conservation Society-India, in Karnataka.
In Gujarat, the striped predator entered a more human-dominated
landscape, but still he managed to avoid detection, probably by resting
in dense cover during the day and moving only at night. (Read the true story of Machli, the world's most famous tiger.)
Then early in February, a schoolteacher
spotted the tiger crossing a road, snapped a photo with his mobile
phone, and shared the image. Instantly, the news went viral in this part
of India, and the state’s forest department launched an intensive cat
hunt.
Staff placed video camera traps in the area and engaged trackers to
look for the tiger. They noted his pugmarks in the mud and claw marks on
trees near where the teacher took the photo.
Six days later, one of the camera traps recorded the cat. Based on that footage, forest conservators estimated the tiger to be a male about five to seven years old.
The last time anyone saw a
tiger in Gujarat was in 1992—tigers there having been heavily hunted
and poached for their skins and body parts, which may have been sold in China. So state wildlife officials were in a celebratory mood, pleased that Gujarat—famed for its Gir National Park, the last enclave of Asiatic lions and leopards—had become the only state in India with “the lion, tiger, and leopard,” as Akshay Saxena, the principal chief conservator of forest wildlife for Gujarat, told a reporter with The Times of India.
News of the tiger’s arrival stirred hopes that he would continue his
westward trek and eventually reach Gir’s safe haven about 300 miles
away. How he would react once he encountered some of the nearly 600 Gir
forest lions and leopards was uncertain.
“It all depends on the prey,” says Tara Pirie,
a zoologist and big cat expert at the University of Reading, in the
U.K., who has studied tigers in Sumatra. “If there are sufficient prey,
then they should manage to coexist,” even if sharing a relatively small
area.
Gir Forest National Park encompasses 550 square miles of deciduous
forests of teak, acacia, and banyan trees, some scrub jungle, and large
patches of grassland. “It is suitable habitat for tigers and has Sambar
deer, nilgai, wild boar,” Pirie says, as well as other animals that
tigers and Asiatic lions hunt. Leopards, she notes, generally take
small-to-medium-size prey, such as Axis deer. (Read more about Asia's lions, which live in one last place on Earth.)
Lions and tigers used to coexist across many parts of India, as well
as in western and Central Asia—usually in different habitats—until the
end of the 1800s. By then, hunting and poaching had driven most populations to extinction. The animals also suffered from the loss of prey and habitat as farming, timber harvests, new roads, and settlements—and a growing human population—shrank their forest homes.
Lions 101How
much do lions eat? When do they begin to roar? Find out how many pounds
of meat they devour, how loud their roars can be, and whether they are
endangered.
After further studying the video of the tiger, B S Annigiri, the chief conservator of forests in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, told the Times of India that the tiger was actually well known to the staff at Ratapani.
U. Prakasam, Madhya Pradesh’s principal chief conservator of forests,
urged his counterparts in Gujarat to protect the cat and keep tabs on
his movements. Discussions even began about how to protect the tiger’s
trail between the two states in hopes that a female might follow and a
new population emerge. (Related: "India's Tigers May Be Rebounding, in Rare Success for Endangered Species.")
But all the rejoicing and speculation came to an abrupt end when,
only two weeks after the teacher took the picture, the tiger’s carcass
was found in Mahisagar forest, about six miles from where the forest
department captured his image on a camera trap. His body lay on a slight
incline, and some thought he’d fallen victim to a poacher.
The initial exam indicated that this was unlikely, since “no physical
injury was noticed on the tiger,” S K Srivastava, the chief conservator
of forests in the Vadodara area of Gujarat, told The India Tribune. “Also, all 18 claws, four canine teeth, genital organ and skin were found to be intact.”
Many tourists flock to parks—such as Ranthambore National Park in India—in hopes of catching a glimpse of a tiger. Photograph by Steve Winter, Nat Geo Image Collection
National
Geographic photographer Steve Winter used a camera trap to captured
this image of 14-month-old tiger cubs at a water hole in India. Photograph by Steve Winter, Nat Geo Image Collection
These poachers were caught trying to sell a tiger skin in Chandrapur, India. Photograph by Steve Winter, Nat Geo Image Collection
This
tiger cub was caught in a wire snare for four days before it was found
and brought to an animal hospital in India, where its leg was amputated. Photograph by Steve Winter, National Geographic
A
tiger is fed by tourists at a zoo in Guilin, China. More tigers are
held in captivity than can be found in the wild. (Learn more: everything you need to know about tiger farms.) Photograph by Mark Leong, Nat Geo Image Collection
Winter captured this intimate moment between a tiger mom and her cub using a long-lens camera and an elephant to perch on. Photograph by Steve Winter, Nat Geo Image Collection
To learn more about what you can do to help tigers and other big cats, click here for information on National Geographic's Big Cats Initiative. Photograph by Steve Winter, Nat Geo Image Collection
It seemed more likely that the tiger had been poisoned. After all,
the cat had attempted to attack a herd of cows a day after the camera
trap recorded him, but people chased him away with shouts and cries,
according to The Times of India.
To determine if the tiger had indeed been poisoned, veterinarians
collected samples from his carcass for analysis. But the lab results and
a necropsy revealed a different cause: The tiger had simply died from
starvation—his effort to catch a cow may have been his last attempt at a
meal.
Following the protocol of India’s National Tiger Conservation
Authority, the carcass was burned, ensuring that the remains would not
be sold.
While news of the tiger’s sad and unexpected end disappointed tiger
watchers in India and elsewhere, wildlife officials still take heart—and
hope—from his heroic journey. (See tigers at these Indian national parks.)
Other tigers may also disperse from Ratapani if they find the
territory too crowded, and there’s good forest cover for them to do so
to the south and northeast, where they’re more likely to find suitable
prey, as well as a home in Panna Tiger Reserve, Prakriti Srivastava
says.
This tiger may have found
enough to eat early in his travels, but his trek took him from the
safety of the forest into largely human-dominated areas. For the few
weeks he lived in Gujarat, he worried people who tended cows and
inspired those who hoped once again to see tigers, lions, and leopards
sharing a forest. It was not to be—at least, not this time.
ect their survival.
