Friday, August 31, 2007

Virginia Zoo's African lions are new parents


At least two lion cubs were born at the Virginia Zoo on Saturday to Zola and Mramba. Zola, the mother, was in a dense vegetation area of the exhibit Tuesday, protecting her cubs.
GENEVIEVE ROSS / THE VIRGINIAN-PILOT

By DEBBIE MESSINA, The Virginian-Pilot
© August 22, 2007
NORFOLK

Worry turned to elation at the Virginia Zoo when keepers had trouble finding the lioness in her exhibit over the weekend, then discovered not only Zola but at least two lion cubs nesting outdoors in a briar patch against a rock.

Zookeepers were not aware that the African lion was pregnant by exhibit-mate Mramba. She showed no obvious signs.

"We were astounded," keeper Charlene Wright said.

Because mom is young - she just turned 3 last month - the cubs have a 50 percent chance of surviving, zoo director Greg Bockheim said.

Lionesses reach sexual maturity at age 3, so keepers didn't expect Zola to become pregnant even though she and Mramba had been "practicing" for nearly a year. Keepers had been training her to prepare for ultrasound exams, however.

Mother and cubs appear to be doing fine, but no one has been able to get close to the new family. Zoo staff are not even certain how many cubs were born.

Litters of two to three are most common. Baby lions typically weigh in at 3 pounds.

The cubs will live at the zoo for a year or more before being sent to other zoos to breed.

Debbie Messina, (757) 446-2588, debbie.messina@pilotonline.com

Source:
http://content.hamptonroads.com/story.cfm?story=130820&ran=5503

Thursday, August 30, 2007

Why the tiger's future is far from bright.

By Peter Foster
Last Updated: 12:01am BST 30/08/2007

Peter Foster's blog

These are dark days for the Royal Bengal tiger, lord of the Indian jungle and without doubt the most mesmerising of all the great beasts of the forest. As new census figures indicate, in a few short years - perhaps a decade, maybe two - it is likely that the tiger as a truly wild animal will become extinct.

They won't all die, of course - a handful of docile and inbred examples will survive in protected forest reserves for the benefit of foreign tourists in the their safari 4x4s. But the animal that Blake used to symbolise his vengeful and pitiless God will essentially have become a tame thing, something to be gawped at in zoos and fenced-off national parks. Not real tigers, just big kitties with stripes.

How has this happened? Until quite recently, India's tigers were cited as one of the world's great conservation success stories. After India's then prime minister, Indira Gandhi, launched "Project Tiger" in 1973, tiger numbers rose steadily, from a low of 1,200 in the early 1970s to more than 3,500 a decade ago. The tiger, it seemed, was back from the brink.

It now transpires that this was a false dawn. Today, tiger numbers are back down to - at their lowest - 1,300, with leading conservationists such as Valmik Thapar predicting that the inexorable downward trend will continue.

A decade of administrative neglect - 40 per cent of Indian forest guard positions are currently vacant - and years of forest administrators cooking the books to cover up poaching losses and the endless encroachment of villages on to protected land, have put the tiger into irreversible decline.

Is it really too late? Probably, even though it seems at least that India's government has finally woken up to the crisis being faced by its national animal. Manmohan Singh, the prime minister, is now backing a new "Project Tiger", doubling the tiger conservation budget, creating a new National Tiger Conservation Authority and a dedicated Wildlife Crime Bureau to tackle the poachers head on.

It would be comforting to think all this government action will bear fruit, but there are several reasons to think that Mrs Gandhi's great solo effort of 35 years ago cannot be replicated by Mr Singh. The fear among India's conservation community, based on the bitter experience of the past decade, is that all the new bureaux, authorities and central government directives will turn out to be paper tigers, not real ones. The reasons are twofold.

Since Mrs Gandhi's day, the population of India has doubled from 560 million in 1972 to 1.1 billion today. In another 35 years, that figure will be 1.5 billion. Put simply, there just isn't enough forest - the tiger's natural habitat - to go around. For most of India's rural poor, every day is a battle to survive. Competition for resources - land, water, forest - is intense and will only become more so.

The effects of this human population pressure on the tigers are already visible: India now has only three viable tiger habitats. Even more worrying is that outside India's 28 dedicated tiger reserves - where 60 per cent of India's tigers were estimated to be living in 2002 - it was found that there simply wasn't enough prey to sustain the tigers. Day by day, the overwhelming pressure of people is driving the big cats into smaller and smaller parcels of land.

The second major reason for gloom is political. While Indira Gandhi was a political demi-god, commanding vast electoral majorities and unquestionable authority, Mr Singh's position at the head of a minority coalition is altogether more mortal. Modern Indian politics is increasingly factionalised, with regional king-makers draining power from the centre every day.

It is therefore encouraging to hear that the prime minister has written personally to all of India's chief ministers, demanding they fill those forest guard vacancies; but rather less encouraging to know that three identical letters have been dispatched from New Delhi in recent times, all to no effect.

The truth is that, for all the brave talk of saving India's national animal, whether by politicians in New Delhi or by conservationists around the world, the plight of the tiger holds little sway in the places where it actually lives.

No Indian politician ever won re-election by saving a tiger. And while reserves do bring in tourist dollars, far too much of that money disappears into the pockets of the big hotel chains and the local political elite. For tribal people, scratching a living on the land, there is all too little reason to turn down the poacher's shilling.

Source:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2007/08/30/do3003.xml

Tiger numbers at catastrophic levels.

By Paul Eccleston
Last Updated: 12:01am BST 30/08/2007

There may now be as few as 1300 wild tigers left in India.



In pictures: Tigers under threat
Tiger numbers are nearly beyond saving
Tiger facts

A new scientifically-based count reveals the true extent of the catastrophic fall in tiger numbers. The last count in 2002 - based on the number of footprints found - put tiger numbers at 3,600 but this survey has now been discredited.

'If this trend continues, the wild populations will disappear from many more places'
Renowned Indian conservationist Valmik Thapar said the latest census signalled "the end of the tiger for most of India."

The Indian government is now involved in a desperate race to preserve the few tigers that are left and save the wild species from extinction.

But the signs are not hopeful and experts forecast that the wild tiger, the largest of the big cats, will disappear and in a relatively short space of time could be seen only in a few heavily-protected reserves.

The latest survey was led by Dr J VJhala - one of the few Indian wildlife biologists with an international reputation.

His team, from the Wildlife Institute of India and trained forest officers, spent 352,000 man-days sampling 21,989 forest beats, walked 132,000km of line transects and completed 330,000km of carnivore sign surveys.

They drew up maps highlighting high, medium or low density tiger areas, and set up thousands of camera traps in representative samples of each area. This enabled them to count absolute tiger populations and establish solid benchmarks so extrapolations could be made.

The final estimate of 1,300-2,200 animals does not mean that India has lost 50-60 per cent of its tigers since 2002, however, because previous counts were inaccurate and therefore not comparable.

The new census which pinpoints the tiger's few remaining strongholds, provides a realistic basis from which scientists and conservationists can work.

The findings, revealed in the latest edition of the BBC Wildlife Magazine tally with a report earlier this year in the journal BioScience which said that in 10 years tiger habitat had declined by 41 per cent.

Dr Eric Dinerstein of the World Wildlife Fund and 15 co-authors, concluded: "While the tiger as a wild species will most likely not become extinct within the next half century, its current trajectory is catastrophic.

"If this trend continues, the wild populations will disappear from many more places, or dwindle to the point of ecological extinction."

In India the tiger has been squeezed by the massive growth in the human population with the consequent loss of its traditional habitats. Lack of food has meant it has been almost impossible for the tiger to survive outside protected areas.

Poaching - fuelled by the demand for tiger parts in traditional Chinese medicine - is still widespread. Two years ago the Sariskar Reserve in Rajasthan was found to be completely emptied of tigers by poachers.

The shocking discovery forced the Indian government to take action. Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh has taken personal control of a new and possibly final attempt to save the tiger from extinction.

He has set up a new autonomous National Tiger Conservation Authority with powers to oversee more effective management of reserves which in the past have been ineffective in protecting the dwindling number of animals.

The Prime Minister has said he wants to see results before the end of the year. Diane Walkington, head of species at WWF, said there was still time to save the tiger.

"The figures are frightening but I am hopeful. At least now we have figures that give us a proper starting point. Fortunately tigers will breed like rabbits given the right conditions. The most important thing is we connect tiger populations that are still viable.

We must extend their areas and build links to their habitats so they can migrate from one place to another. If necessary we must move wild tigers from one place to another."

She said it was vital the Indian government and conservation bodies were given international backing in their efforts to save the tiger.

Source:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/08/30/eatiger130.xml

Tuesday, August 28, 2007

Kashmir to start census on rare leopards

Srinagar, Aug 27: Wildlife experts are to make the first count of the rare leopard population in Indian Kashmir in a bid to conserve the endangered animals, an official said Monday.

"The census will start shortly. I have issued the orders," Kashmir's wildlife chief A.K. Srivastava told reporters, adding that the survey would be cumbersome to carry out and that an environmental group would help.

"The leopard is an endangered species and the census is being carried out to conserve this animal," he said. "We want to find out how we can provide a better habitat to this animal."

There are roughly 500 leopards in Kashmir, Srivastava estimated, but said the figure could be higher since leopard attacks have killed 28 people and wounded 71 others in the past two years.

Locals familiar with extensive forested valleys in the Himalayan state would be interviewed to see why leopards have been seen around civilian areas, he said.

Many environmentalists say a heavily-patrolled fence in Kashmir along a ceasefire line with Pakistan dividing the state has curbed leopard movement and caused them to wander into villages.

Bureau Report

Source:
http://www.zeenews.com/znnew/articles.asp?rep=2&aid=391357&ssid=26&ssname=Eco%20News&sid=ENV&sname=

Lions, tigers and bears find home in Wimauma

BY CHRISTOPHER O'DONNELL

WIMAUMA -- First there's a deep purring that even from 10 yards away can be felt in the belly.

Then a snarl, and suddenly 300 pounds of teeth, fur and muscle bound up to the wire fence at alarming speed.

The show of aggression ends with the Siberian-Bengal mix tiger coming to a halt next to Robin Greenwood so it can gently nuzzle her hand.

"How are you doing today, boy?" Greenwood coos to the tiger.

Greenwood, 50, heads up Elmira's Wildlife Sanctuary in Wimauma. The little-known animal sanctuary a few miles north of the Manatee-Hillsborough border provides a home to lions, tigers, leopards and cougars. It is a place where bears, lemurs, parrots and other exotic animals will live out their days.

The sanctuary, which recently opened its doors to the public, is the last chance for many of its inhabitants.

The big cats came from sanctuaries that shut down or from private collectors for whom the animals became too difficult to handle.

Wild cats are most valuable in their first year, when as cute cubs they draw crowds to zoos and can be handled by the public, said Scott Lope, director of operations at Big Cat Rescue in Tampa.

But the animals, which can live for upward of 20 years, are often unwanted after that.

Big Cat Rescue cares for about 130 wild cats and fields about 100 calls a year from people trying to unload tigers, lions, bobcats and other exotics.

"They grow up very quickly," Lope said. "They're dangerous, scary animals, and there's no place for these animals to go once they have outlived their usefulness."

That is where places like Elmira's come in.

The sanctuary opened in 1998 when Greenwood's husband, Ted, and his close friend David Kitchen heard about a lion and tiger that no one wanted.

Kitchen, who ran a tropical fish farm, already kept two bears on land he owned east of U.S. 301. It seemed like a natural solution to take the animals.

What started as a single gesture of kindness just kept growing.

They took in animals like Juno, an American timber wolf, from a sanctuary that was downsizing. Then there was Richard the cockatoo, whom Greenwood describes as "the noisiest bird on earth," whose squawking was too loud for his owners.

The sanctuary now has more than 25 animals, and that is not counting the geese, turkeys, swans, peacocks and guinea hens that run wild on the property.

"More animals needed a home, and he kept bringing them in," said Robin Greenwood, of her husband, who died in 2006.

To the outsider, Elmira's might look like it has an identity crisis.

The brown sign at the entrance says "Dodge City." Dotted amid animals that would normally grace the African savanna are a collection of faux Wild West buildings.

The tigers prowl around an enclosure beside a small wooden chapel. The leopard cages are next to The Cooler, a bar with mounted fish and deer heads on the walls and space for a livestock auction in the back.

The Wild West theme was the idea of Kitchen, who died in June. He loved to throw parties in The Cooler.

The 28-acre sanctuary also has a wooden cantina and a small fort as a stockade. The ticket office is decked out as a livery store.

Operating Elmira's is a constant struggle for Greenwood and the 15 core volunteers at the sanctuary.

Casper, the sanctuary's male lion, eats seven chicken thighs or legs per day. In all, the big cats consume about 100 pounds of meat per day.

The monthly food bill comes to about $2,500. Elmira's also has to pay veterinary costs and pay for volunteers to keep current Class I licenses to own wild animals.

Volunteers also have to replace worn fences and cages.

For many years, the sanctuary was bankrolled by Kitchen. But in 2005, faced with rising costs, the rescue incorporated as a nonprofit operation. The sanctuary's board is focused on making the shelter financially independent.

That goal spurred a decision to open to the public in March. People who visit the sanctuary get a tour of the facility and close-up views of the animals.

"It's just a slight drop in the bucket," Greenwood said of the $5 and $10 entry tickets. "Our expenses are going up fast."

Greenwood recently gave up her job working for Hillsborough County because she was spending so much time on grant applications and fundraising.

"Needless to say, I'm living on savings," she said. "There's just so much to do. The best part is taking care of the animals. The rest is stuff you have to do."

Source:
http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20070827/NEWS/708270450

State connection to Gir lion poaching?

Staff Reporter

Gujarat police taking help of their counterparts in State
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of trapping lions similar to the one adopted by the Hakki Pikki tribe

Each lion’s claw is priced at Rs. 25,000 in the market
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANGALORE: Investigations have thrown up the possibility of persons from Karnataka being involved in the poaching of lions in the Gir sanctuary in Gujarat. The Gujarat Crime Investigation Department (CID), which is investigating the case, is taking the help of the Karnataka’s CID (Forest Cell) to unravel the network, if any, here.

The Karnataka angle came to light during the Inspector-General of Police, CID Crime and Railways, Gujarat, Keshav Kumar’s presentation on investigation with regard to the poaching of eight lions in Gir sanctuary in March and April. He was participating in a workshop conducted by the Karnataka CID (Forest Cell).

While he was showing the photographs of 50 arrested in three cases of poaching, Inspector-General of Police (CID Forest), Karnataka, K.S.N. Chikkerur intervened to say the accused No. 18 in the list resembled an offender involved in wildlife and forest offences in Karnataka. “He is a resident of Shikarikoppa in Shimoga district,” Mr. Chikkerur said. Mr. Kumar replied that the accused No.18 had given his name as one belonging Bahelia community of Madhya Pradesh and added: “I will give more details about the accused to you.”

Modus operandi

Mr. Kumar’s presentation implied that the method of trapping lions was similar to the way members of the Hakki Pikki tribe trapped wild animals in Karnataka. Mr. Chikkerur told The Hindu that the way nets were tied at the scen e of the Gir poaching resembled the Hakki Pikkis’ method. “This nomadic tribe travels by foot and [its members] monitor animal movement very closely. They are active in Shimoga, Davangere and Chitradurga,” he said. Mr. Chikkerur said the department would help their Gujarat counterparts in finding the possible link.

During the presentation, Mr. Kumar gave a detailed account of the investigation into three incidents of poaching in Junagadh district of Gujarat, which, he said “was the first investigation into poaching in Gujarat”.

He said the accused, who belonged to Bahelia community, were trading “lion’s claws, bones and flesh.” The accused buried the remains, including the pelt, in several pits. Each lion’s claw is priced at Rs. 25,000 in the market. “While the accused look very poor, many … use expensive mobile phones,” Mr. Kumar said.

Later he told The Hindu that his department was in touch with the Karnataka CID to trace the calls made by the accused to persons in Karnataka. “Amar Kumar Pandey (Additional Inspector-General of Police, Karnataka CID Forest C ell) is looking into it,” he said. Similarly they were also in touch with their counterparts in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

“We are coordinating with others to unravel the international mafia in poaching,” he said.

Source:
http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/24/stories/2007082458350500.htm
The Hindu
Online edition of India's National Newspaper
Friday, Aug 24, 2007
ePaper
Karnataka - Bangalore

Monday, August 20, 2007

A global network of poachers

Illegal trade in endangered species is worth billions of dollars


— PHOTO: AP
Smuggled butterflies at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service headquarters in California in this recent photo.

LOS ANGELES: The smell struck undercover agent Ed Newcomer as soon as he entered the small, sparse apartment.

Faint and rancid, it permeated everything. It clung to the plastic containers that piled up in cupboards and on shelves. It seeped from the walls and the bathroom and the bed.

The smell was unmistakable: dead insects.

Inside the suspect grinned expectantly as he opened a container. Dozens of slimy white grubs slithered in the dirt. Another box revealed a dead black beetle the size of a fist, its long rhinoceros-like horn protruding in front.

“Dynastes hercules,” the suspect said, his voice high-pitched and shrill.

Mr. Newcomer shuddered. But he smiled affably. The suspect opened another box filled with dead butterflies, wings spread in iridescent glory — golds and greens and shimmering azures.

Like fairy dust, Mr. Newcomer thought. He had won the trust of the world’s most notorious butterfly smuggler, a man who made hundreds of thousands of dollars trading in endangered insects.

He had been invited into the suspect’s home.

In the cutthroat world of butterfly poaching, Hisayoshi Kojima was king.

He bragged he was the Indiana Jones of butterfly smugglers, that he commanded a global network of poachers.

From Jamaica he could get the giant swallowtail Papilio homerus, whose velvety black and gold wings are depicted on the country’s $1,000 bank note.

From the Philippines he could get the Luzon peacock swallowtail or Papilio chikae. And from Papua New Guinea he could get what many dealers had never even seen: the prized Queen Alexandra’s birdwing.

All are endangered, protected by international and U.S. wildlife laws.

It is illegal to catch, kill or import them.

Kojima always found a way.

Legitimate dealers had complained about him for years. And for years, U.S. Fish and Wildlife agents had investigated him. But Kojima, a Japanese native who lived in Los Angeles and Kyoto, always eluded capture. From the back of his booth, Kojima produced an enormous live horned beetle. “Wow,” Mr. Newcomer exclaimed. “How much?” $10,000 alive. Is that legal? Mr. Newcomer asked.

Kojima shrugged. “It is illegal ... but 99.99 per cent it is safe. Sometimes we pay under the table.”

These days the worldwide illegal trade in endangered species is worth an estimated $10 billion to $15 billion a year, according to law enforcement reports. — AP

Source: http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/20/stories/2007082059821800.htm

A global network of poachers

Illegal trade in endangered species is worth billions of dollars


— PHOTO: AP
Smuggled butterflies at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service headquarters in California in this recent photo.

LOS ANGELES: The smell struck undercover agent Ed Newcomer as soon as he entered the small, sparse apartment.

Faint and rancid, it permeated everything. It clung to the plastic containers that piled up in cupboards and on shelves. It seeped from the walls and the bathroom and the bed.

The smell was unmistakable: dead insects.

Inside the suspect grinned expectantly as he opened a container. Dozens of slimy white grubs slithered in the dirt. Another box revealed a dead black beetle the size of a fist, its long rhinoceros-like horn protruding in front.

“Dynastes hercules,” the suspect said, his voice high-pitched and shrill.

Mr. Newcomer shuddered. But he smiled affably. The suspect opened another box filled with dead butterflies, wings spread in iridescent glory — golds and greens and shimmering azures.

Like fairy dust, Mr. Newcomer thought. He had won the trust of the world’s most notorious butterfly smuggler, a man who made hundreds of thousands of dollars trading in endangered insects.

He had been invited into the suspect’s home.

In the cutthroat world of butterfly poaching, Hisayoshi Kojima was king.

He bragged he was the Indiana Jones of butterfly smugglers, that he commanded a global network of poachers.

From Jamaica he could get the giant swallowtail Papilio homerus, whose velvety black and gold wings are depicted on the country’s $1,000 bank note.

From the Philippines he could get the Luzon peacock swallowtail or Papilio chikae. And from Papua New Guinea he could get what many dealers had never even seen: the prized Queen Alexandra’s birdwing.

All are endangered, protected by international and U.S. wildlife laws.

It is illegal to catch, kill or import them.

Kojima always found a way.

Legitimate dealers had complained about him for years. And for years, U.S. Fish and Wildlife agents had investigated him. But Kojima, a Japanese native who lived in Los Angeles and Kyoto, always eluded capture. From the back of his booth, Kojima produced an enormous live horned beetle. “Wow,” Mr. Newcomer exclaimed. “How much?” $10,000 alive. Is that legal? Mr. Newcomer asked.

Kojima shrugged. “It is illegal ... but 99.99 per cent it is safe. Sometimes we pay under the table.”

These days the worldwide illegal trade in endangered species is worth an estimated $10 billion to $15 billion a year, according to law enforcement reports. — AP

Source: http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/20/stories/2007082059821800.htm