Friday, August 31, 2007

Virginia Zoo's African lions are new parents


At least two lion cubs were born at the Virginia Zoo on Saturday to Zola and Mramba. Zola, the mother, was in a dense vegetation area of the exhibit Tuesday, protecting her cubs.
GENEVIEVE ROSS / THE VIRGINIAN-PILOT

By DEBBIE MESSINA, The Virginian-Pilot
© August 22, 2007
NORFOLK

Worry turned to elation at the Virginia Zoo when keepers had trouble finding the lioness in her exhibit over the weekend, then discovered not only Zola but at least two lion cubs nesting outdoors in a briar patch against a rock.

Zookeepers were not aware that the African lion was pregnant by exhibit-mate Mramba. She showed no obvious signs.

"We were astounded," keeper Charlene Wright said.

Because mom is young - she just turned 3 last month - the cubs have a 50 percent chance of surviving, zoo director Greg Bockheim said.

Lionesses reach sexual maturity at age 3, so keepers didn't expect Zola to become pregnant even though she and Mramba had been "practicing" for nearly a year. Keepers had been training her to prepare for ultrasound exams, however.

Mother and cubs appear to be doing fine, but no one has been able to get close to the new family. Zoo staff are not even certain how many cubs were born.

Litters of two to three are most common. Baby lions typically weigh in at 3 pounds.

The cubs will live at the zoo for a year or more before being sent to other zoos to breed.

Debbie Messina, (757) 446-2588, debbie.messina@pilotonline.com

Source:
http://content.hamptonroads.com/story.cfm?story=130820&ran=5503

Thursday, August 30, 2007

Why the tiger's future is far from bright.

By Peter Foster
Last Updated: 12:01am BST 30/08/2007

Peter Foster's blog

These are dark days for the Royal Bengal tiger, lord of the Indian jungle and without doubt the most mesmerising of all the great beasts of the forest. As new census figures indicate, in a few short years - perhaps a decade, maybe two - it is likely that the tiger as a truly wild animal will become extinct.

They won't all die, of course - a handful of docile and inbred examples will survive in protected forest reserves for the benefit of foreign tourists in the their safari 4x4s. But the animal that Blake used to symbolise his vengeful and pitiless God will essentially have become a tame thing, something to be gawped at in zoos and fenced-off national parks. Not real tigers, just big kitties with stripes.

How has this happened? Until quite recently, India's tigers were cited as one of the world's great conservation success stories. After India's then prime minister, Indira Gandhi, launched "Project Tiger" in 1973, tiger numbers rose steadily, from a low of 1,200 in the early 1970s to more than 3,500 a decade ago. The tiger, it seemed, was back from the brink.

It now transpires that this was a false dawn. Today, tiger numbers are back down to - at their lowest - 1,300, with leading conservationists such as Valmik Thapar predicting that the inexorable downward trend will continue.

A decade of administrative neglect - 40 per cent of Indian forest guard positions are currently vacant - and years of forest administrators cooking the books to cover up poaching losses and the endless encroachment of villages on to protected land, have put the tiger into irreversible decline.

Is it really too late? Probably, even though it seems at least that India's government has finally woken up to the crisis being faced by its national animal. Manmohan Singh, the prime minister, is now backing a new "Project Tiger", doubling the tiger conservation budget, creating a new National Tiger Conservation Authority and a dedicated Wildlife Crime Bureau to tackle the poachers head on.

It would be comforting to think all this government action will bear fruit, but there are several reasons to think that Mrs Gandhi's great solo effort of 35 years ago cannot be replicated by Mr Singh. The fear among India's conservation community, based on the bitter experience of the past decade, is that all the new bureaux, authorities and central government directives will turn out to be paper tigers, not real ones. The reasons are twofold.

Since Mrs Gandhi's day, the population of India has doubled from 560 million in 1972 to 1.1 billion today. In another 35 years, that figure will be 1.5 billion. Put simply, there just isn't enough forest - the tiger's natural habitat - to go around. For most of India's rural poor, every day is a battle to survive. Competition for resources - land, water, forest - is intense and will only become more so.

The effects of this human population pressure on the tigers are already visible: India now has only three viable tiger habitats. Even more worrying is that outside India's 28 dedicated tiger reserves - where 60 per cent of India's tigers were estimated to be living in 2002 - it was found that there simply wasn't enough prey to sustain the tigers. Day by day, the overwhelming pressure of people is driving the big cats into smaller and smaller parcels of land.

The second major reason for gloom is political. While Indira Gandhi was a political demi-god, commanding vast electoral majorities and unquestionable authority, Mr Singh's position at the head of a minority coalition is altogether more mortal. Modern Indian politics is increasingly factionalised, with regional king-makers draining power from the centre every day.

It is therefore encouraging to hear that the prime minister has written personally to all of India's chief ministers, demanding they fill those forest guard vacancies; but rather less encouraging to know that three identical letters have been dispatched from New Delhi in recent times, all to no effect.

The truth is that, for all the brave talk of saving India's national animal, whether by politicians in New Delhi or by conservationists around the world, the plight of the tiger holds little sway in the places where it actually lives.

No Indian politician ever won re-election by saving a tiger. And while reserves do bring in tourist dollars, far too much of that money disappears into the pockets of the big hotel chains and the local political elite. For tribal people, scratching a living on the land, there is all too little reason to turn down the poacher's shilling.

Source:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2007/08/30/do3003.xml

Tiger numbers at catastrophic levels.

By Paul Eccleston
Last Updated: 12:01am BST 30/08/2007

There may now be as few as 1300 wild tigers left in India.



In pictures: Tigers under threat
Tiger numbers are nearly beyond saving
Tiger facts

A new scientifically-based count reveals the true extent of the catastrophic fall in tiger numbers. The last count in 2002 - based on the number of footprints found - put tiger numbers at 3,600 but this survey has now been discredited.

'If this trend continues, the wild populations will disappear from many more places'
Renowned Indian conservationist Valmik Thapar said the latest census signalled "the end of the tiger for most of India."

The Indian government is now involved in a desperate race to preserve the few tigers that are left and save the wild species from extinction.

But the signs are not hopeful and experts forecast that the wild tiger, the largest of the big cats, will disappear and in a relatively short space of time could be seen only in a few heavily-protected reserves.

The latest survey was led by Dr J VJhala - one of the few Indian wildlife biologists with an international reputation.

His team, from the Wildlife Institute of India and trained forest officers, spent 352,000 man-days sampling 21,989 forest beats, walked 132,000km of line transects and completed 330,000km of carnivore sign surveys.

They drew up maps highlighting high, medium or low density tiger areas, and set up thousands of camera traps in representative samples of each area. This enabled them to count absolute tiger populations and establish solid benchmarks so extrapolations could be made.

The final estimate of 1,300-2,200 animals does not mean that India has lost 50-60 per cent of its tigers since 2002, however, because previous counts were inaccurate and therefore not comparable.

The new census which pinpoints the tiger's few remaining strongholds, provides a realistic basis from which scientists and conservationists can work.

The findings, revealed in the latest edition of the BBC Wildlife Magazine tally with a report earlier this year in the journal BioScience which said that in 10 years tiger habitat had declined by 41 per cent.

Dr Eric Dinerstein of the World Wildlife Fund and 15 co-authors, concluded: "While the tiger as a wild species will most likely not become extinct within the next half century, its current trajectory is catastrophic.

"If this trend continues, the wild populations will disappear from many more places, or dwindle to the point of ecological extinction."

In India the tiger has been squeezed by the massive growth in the human population with the consequent loss of its traditional habitats. Lack of food has meant it has been almost impossible for the tiger to survive outside protected areas.

Poaching - fuelled by the demand for tiger parts in traditional Chinese medicine - is still widespread. Two years ago the Sariskar Reserve in Rajasthan was found to be completely emptied of tigers by poachers.

The shocking discovery forced the Indian government to take action. Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh has taken personal control of a new and possibly final attempt to save the tiger from extinction.

He has set up a new autonomous National Tiger Conservation Authority with powers to oversee more effective management of reserves which in the past have been ineffective in protecting the dwindling number of animals.

The Prime Minister has said he wants to see results before the end of the year. Diane Walkington, head of species at WWF, said there was still time to save the tiger.

"The figures are frightening but I am hopeful. At least now we have figures that give us a proper starting point. Fortunately tigers will breed like rabbits given the right conditions. The most important thing is we connect tiger populations that are still viable.

We must extend their areas and build links to their habitats so they can migrate from one place to another. If necessary we must move wild tigers from one place to another."

She said it was vital the Indian government and conservation bodies were given international backing in their efforts to save the tiger.

Source:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/08/30/eatiger130.xml

Tuesday, August 28, 2007

Kashmir to start census on rare leopards

Srinagar, Aug 27: Wildlife experts are to make the first count of the rare leopard population in Indian Kashmir in a bid to conserve the endangered animals, an official said Monday.

"The census will start shortly. I have issued the orders," Kashmir's wildlife chief A.K. Srivastava told reporters, adding that the survey would be cumbersome to carry out and that an environmental group would help.

"The leopard is an endangered species and the census is being carried out to conserve this animal," he said. "We want to find out how we can provide a better habitat to this animal."

There are roughly 500 leopards in Kashmir, Srivastava estimated, but said the figure could be higher since leopard attacks have killed 28 people and wounded 71 others in the past two years.

Locals familiar with extensive forested valleys in the Himalayan state would be interviewed to see why leopards have been seen around civilian areas, he said.

Many environmentalists say a heavily-patrolled fence in Kashmir along a ceasefire line with Pakistan dividing the state has curbed leopard movement and caused them to wander into villages.

Bureau Report

Source:
http://www.zeenews.com/znnew/articles.asp?rep=2&aid=391357&ssid=26&ssname=Eco%20News&sid=ENV&sname=

Lions, tigers and bears find home in Wimauma

BY CHRISTOPHER O'DONNELL

WIMAUMA -- First there's a deep purring that even from 10 yards away can be felt in the belly.

Then a snarl, and suddenly 300 pounds of teeth, fur and muscle bound up to the wire fence at alarming speed.

The show of aggression ends with the Siberian-Bengal mix tiger coming to a halt next to Robin Greenwood so it can gently nuzzle her hand.

"How are you doing today, boy?" Greenwood coos to the tiger.

Greenwood, 50, heads up Elmira's Wildlife Sanctuary in Wimauma. The little-known animal sanctuary a few miles north of the Manatee-Hillsborough border provides a home to lions, tigers, leopards and cougars. It is a place where bears, lemurs, parrots and other exotic animals will live out their days.

The sanctuary, which recently opened its doors to the public, is the last chance for many of its inhabitants.

The big cats came from sanctuaries that shut down or from private collectors for whom the animals became too difficult to handle.

Wild cats are most valuable in their first year, when as cute cubs they draw crowds to zoos and can be handled by the public, said Scott Lope, director of operations at Big Cat Rescue in Tampa.

But the animals, which can live for upward of 20 years, are often unwanted after that.

Big Cat Rescue cares for about 130 wild cats and fields about 100 calls a year from people trying to unload tigers, lions, bobcats and other exotics.

"They grow up very quickly," Lope said. "They're dangerous, scary animals, and there's no place for these animals to go once they have outlived their usefulness."

That is where places like Elmira's come in.

The sanctuary opened in 1998 when Greenwood's husband, Ted, and his close friend David Kitchen heard about a lion and tiger that no one wanted.

Kitchen, who ran a tropical fish farm, already kept two bears on land he owned east of U.S. 301. It seemed like a natural solution to take the animals.

What started as a single gesture of kindness just kept growing.

They took in animals like Juno, an American timber wolf, from a sanctuary that was downsizing. Then there was Richard the cockatoo, whom Greenwood describes as "the noisiest bird on earth," whose squawking was too loud for his owners.

The sanctuary now has more than 25 animals, and that is not counting the geese, turkeys, swans, peacocks and guinea hens that run wild on the property.

"More animals needed a home, and he kept bringing them in," said Robin Greenwood, of her husband, who died in 2006.

To the outsider, Elmira's might look like it has an identity crisis.

The brown sign at the entrance says "Dodge City." Dotted amid animals that would normally grace the African savanna are a collection of faux Wild West buildings.

The tigers prowl around an enclosure beside a small wooden chapel. The leopard cages are next to The Cooler, a bar with mounted fish and deer heads on the walls and space for a livestock auction in the back.

The Wild West theme was the idea of Kitchen, who died in June. He loved to throw parties in The Cooler.

The 28-acre sanctuary also has a wooden cantina and a small fort as a stockade. The ticket office is decked out as a livery store.

Operating Elmira's is a constant struggle for Greenwood and the 15 core volunteers at the sanctuary.

Casper, the sanctuary's male lion, eats seven chicken thighs or legs per day. In all, the big cats consume about 100 pounds of meat per day.

The monthly food bill comes to about $2,500. Elmira's also has to pay veterinary costs and pay for volunteers to keep current Class I licenses to own wild animals.

Volunteers also have to replace worn fences and cages.

For many years, the sanctuary was bankrolled by Kitchen. But in 2005, faced with rising costs, the rescue incorporated as a nonprofit operation. The sanctuary's board is focused on making the shelter financially independent.

That goal spurred a decision to open to the public in March. People who visit the sanctuary get a tour of the facility and close-up views of the animals.

"It's just a slight drop in the bucket," Greenwood said of the $5 and $10 entry tickets. "Our expenses are going up fast."

Greenwood recently gave up her job working for Hillsborough County because she was spending so much time on grant applications and fundraising.

"Needless to say, I'm living on savings," she said. "There's just so much to do. The best part is taking care of the animals. The rest is stuff you have to do."

Source:
http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20070827/NEWS/708270450

State connection to Gir lion poaching?

Staff Reporter

Gujarat police taking help of their counterparts in State
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of trapping lions similar to the one adopted by the Hakki Pikki tribe

Each lion’s claw is priced at Rs. 25,000 in the market
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANGALORE: Investigations have thrown up the possibility of persons from Karnataka being involved in the poaching of lions in the Gir sanctuary in Gujarat. The Gujarat Crime Investigation Department (CID), which is investigating the case, is taking the help of the Karnataka’s CID (Forest Cell) to unravel the network, if any, here.

The Karnataka angle came to light during the Inspector-General of Police, CID Crime and Railways, Gujarat, Keshav Kumar’s presentation on investigation with regard to the poaching of eight lions in Gir sanctuary in March and April. He was participating in a workshop conducted by the Karnataka CID (Forest Cell).

While he was showing the photographs of 50 arrested in three cases of poaching, Inspector-General of Police (CID Forest), Karnataka, K.S.N. Chikkerur intervened to say the accused No. 18 in the list resembled an offender involved in wildlife and forest offences in Karnataka. “He is a resident of Shikarikoppa in Shimoga district,” Mr. Chikkerur said. Mr. Kumar replied that the accused No.18 had given his name as one belonging Bahelia community of Madhya Pradesh and added: “I will give more details about the accused to you.”

Modus operandi

Mr. Kumar’s presentation implied that the method of trapping lions was similar to the way members of the Hakki Pikki tribe trapped wild animals in Karnataka. Mr. Chikkerur told The Hindu that the way nets were tied at the scen e of the Gir poaching resembled the Hakki Pikkis’ method. “This nomadic tribe travels by foot and [its members] monitor animal movement very closely. They are active in Shimoga, Davangere and Chitradurga,” he said. Mr. Chikkerur said the department would help their Gujarat counterparts in finding the possible link.

During the presentation, Mr. Kumar gave a detailed account of the investigation into three incidents of poaching in Junagadh district of Gujarat, which, he said “was the first investigation into poaching in Gujarat”.

He said the accused, who belonged to Bahelia community, were trading “lion’s claws, bones and flesh.” The accused buried the remains, including the pelt, in several pits. Each lion’s claw is priced at Rs. 25,000 in the market. “While the accused look very poor, many … use expensive mobile phones,” Mr. Kumar said.

Later he told The Hindu that his department was in touch with the Karnataka CID to trace the calls made by the accused to persons in Karnataka. “Amar Kumar Pandey (Additional Inspector-General of Police, Karnataka CID Forest C ell) is looking into it,” he said. Similarly they were also in touch with their counterparts in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

“We are coordinating with others to unravel the international mafia in poaching,” he said.

Source:
http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/24/stories/2007082458350500.htm
The Hindu
Online edition of India's National Newspaper
Friday, Aug 24, 2007
ePaper
Karnataka - Bangalore

Monday, August 20, 2007

A global network of poachers

Illegal trade in endangered species is worth billions of dollars


— PHOTO: AP
Smuggled butterflies at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service headquarters in California in this recent photo.

LOS ANGELES: The smell struck undercover agent Ed Newcomer as soon as he entered the small, sparse apartment.

Faint and rancid, it permeated everything. It clung to the plastic containers that piled up in cupboards and on shelves. It seeped from the walls and the bathroom and the bed.

The smell was unmistakable: dead insects.

Inside the suspect grinned expectantly as he opened a container. Dozens of slimy white grubs slithered in the dirt. Another box revealed a dead black beetle the size of a fist, its long rhinoceros-like horn protruding in front.

“Dynastes hercules,” the suspect said, his voice high-pitched and shrill.

Mr. Newcomer shuddered. But he smiled affably. The suspect opened another box filled with dead butterflies, wings spread in iridescent glory — golds and greens and shimmering azures.

Like fairy dust, Mr. Newcomer thought. He had won the trust of the world’s most notorious butterfly smuggler, a man who made hundreds of thousands of dollars trading in endangered insects.

He had been invited into the suspect’s home.

In the cutthroat world of butterfly poaching, Hisayoshi Kojima was king.

He bragged he was the Indiana Jones of butterfly smugglers, that he commanded a global network of poachers.

From Jamaica he could get the giant swallowtail Papilio homerus, whose velvety black and gold wings are depicted on the country’s $1,000 bank note.

From the Philippines he could get the Luzon peacock swallowtail or Papilio chikae. And from Papua New Guinea he could get what many dealers had never even seen: the prized Queen Alexandra’s birdwing.

All are endangered, protected by international and U.S. wildlife laws.

It is illegal to catch, kill or import them.

Kojima always found a way.

Legitimate dealers had complained about him for years. And for years, U.S. Fish and Wildlife agents had investigated him. But Kojima, a Japanese native who lived in Los Angeles and Kyoto, always eluded capture. From the back of his booth, Kojima produced an enormous live horned beetle. “Wow,” Mr. Newcomer exclaimed. “How much?” $10,000 alive. Is that legal? Mr. Newcomer asked.

Kojima shrugged. “It is illegal ... but 99.99 per cent it is safe. Sometimes we pay under the table.”

These days the worldwide illegal trade in endangered species is worth an estimated $10 billion to $15 billion a year, according to law enforcement reports. — AP

Source: http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/20/stories/2007082059821800.htm

A global network of poachers

Illegal trade in endangered species is worth billions of dollars


— PHOTO: AP
Smuggled butterflies at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service headquarters in California in this recent photo.

LOS ANGELES: The smell struck undercover agent Ed Newcomer as soon as he entered the small, sparse apartment.

Faint and rancid, it permeated everything. It clung to the plastic containers that piled up in cupboards and on shelves. It seeped from the walls and the bathroom and the bed.

The smell was unmistakable: dead insects.

Inside the suspect grinned expectantly as he opened a container. Dozens of slimy white grubs slithered in the dirt. Another box revealed a dead black beetle the size of a fist, its long rhinoceros-like horn protruding in front.

“Dynastes hercules,” the suspect said, his voice high-pitched and shrill.

Mr. Newcomer shuddered. But he smiled affably. The suspect opened another box filled with dead butterflies, wings spread in iridescent glory — golds and greens and shimmering azures.

Like fairy dust, Mr. Newcomer thought. He had won the trust of the world’s most notorious butterfly smuggler, a man who made hundreds of thousands of dollars trading in endangered insects.

He had been invited into the suspect’s home.

In the cutthroat world of butterfly poaching, Hisayoshi Kojima was king.

He bragged he was the Indiana Jones of butterfly smugglers, that he commanded a global network of poachers.

From Jamaica he could get the giant swallowtail Papilio homerus, whose velvety black and gold wings are depicted on the country’s $1,000 bank note.

From the Philippines he could get the Luzon peacock swallowtail or Papilio chikae. And from Papua New Guinea he could get what many dealers had never even seen: the prized Queen Alexandra’s birdwing.

All are endangered, protected by international and U.S. wildlife laws.

It is illegal to catch, kill or import them.

Kojima always found a way.

Legitimate dealers had complained about him for years. And for years, U.S. Fish and Wildlife agents had investigated him. But Kojima, a Japanese native who lived in Los Angeles and Kyoto, always eluded capture. From the back of his booth, Kojima produced an enormous live horned beetle. “Wow,” Mr. Newcomer exclaimed. “How much?” $10,000 alive. Is that legal? Mr. Newcomer asked.

Kojima shrugged. “It is illegal ... but 99.99 per cent it is safe. Sometimes we pay under the table.”

These days the worldwide illegal trade in endangered species is worth an estimated $10 billion to $15 billion a year, according to law enforcement reports. — AP

Source: http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/20/stories/2007082059821800.htm

Toll-free number to protect wildlife!

New Delhi: In a bid to check poaching and protecting forest wealth, the Ministry of Environment will soon provide a toll-free number on which wildlife lovers can call and report such illegal activities.

The number will be set up by the Ministry’s Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, which was created at the behest of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who is the head of the National Board for Wildlife.

“The toll-free number will play an important role in encouraging people to report illegal wildlife activities,” a senior wildlife official said here, adding that one of the major causes for rampant poaching was poor monitoring and surveillance.

The pilot project will be first implemented in Delhi on an experimental basis and then extended to other metros depending on the response from the people.

The facility will be available round the clock . — PTI

Source: http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/20/stories/2007082052502200.htm

Sunday, August 19, 2007

Leopards Thrive Where Tigers Once Roamed.

ENVIRONMENT-INDIA:

By Malini Shankar

Credit:Malini Shankar

SARISKA, India, Aug 17 (IPS) - Visitors who flock to India’s tiger reserves have only one question of each other: "Did you see a tiger?"

Most leave disappointed, never mind the herds of elephants, deer and other ungulates that crowd the verdant forest floor. Only if a tiger was sighted is the trip deemed a success.

But tigers have become few and far between in India’s specially designated national parks and sanctuaries. A flourishing illegal trade in tiger parts mainly in China and East Asia has led to indiscriminate poaching in India’s protected tiger reserves.

In 2005, wildlife officials in the Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR), 160 kms north-west of Delhi, were shocked to discover poachers had wiped out the entire tiger population. Until then the forest department had been claiming there were around 22 tigers in the sanctuary spread over 881 sq. kms in the state of Rajasthan.

Three years later, the tigers have not returned to Sariska. But there is a thriving leopard population, according to forest officials.

"One aftermath of the unfortunate annihilation of tigers in the Sariska Tiger Reserve, is that leopards and hyenas are thriving there. Secondly Sambhars (deer) and Nilgais (antelopes) have multiplied manifold," observes R.N. Mehrotra, the principal chief conservator of forests of the Rajasthan Forest Department.

This is not a bureaucratic pipedream; it makes ecological sense. "Tigers exercise a dominant influence on ungulate prey numbers. Their elimination will alter the ungulate community composition and in turn affect the structure and functioning of plant communities also," says Dr. Ullas Karanth, renowned wildlife biologist in Bangalore who is with the Wildlife Conservation Society, a New York-based wildlife advocacy and conservation group.

Prey base is a technical term that refers to the broad spectrum of herbivores that form the basis of prey for the carnivores. These include most ungulates like Sambhars (Cervus timorensis, Nilgais (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Bisons (Bos gaurus), spotted deer (Axis axis), and other antelopes. These prey base species are found only in endemic biodiversity rich areas where they can thrive. That explains why despite the presence of virgin forests in many equatorial regions, tigers are found largely only in India.

"My research shows that where prey in different size classes are abundant, tigers and leopards focus on different prey types thus facilitating their coexistence … another essential element is availability of trees that leopards can climb to escape from tigers ... where these two conditions are not met, tigers tend to exclude leopards or reduce their densities greatly… on the other hand in places like Nagarhole (National Park) where such conditions exist, both cats can thrive…"says Dr. Karanth.

Dr. Y.V. Jhala, senior wildlife biologist at the well-known Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in Dehra Dun, corroborates his thesis. "Yes, (leopards are indeed thriving), exact number is difficult (to estimate) but a density of about 15 leopards per 100 sq. km. is achieved in Sariska in the absence of tigers," he says.

That would mean there are approximately 120 leopards in a protected area of 881 sq km in Sariska Tiger Reserve. "Depending on its prey availability leopards can thrive in a range of 20 sq km to 100 sq km," confirms Karanth.

In May 2005, the WII undertook a digital pugmark method to estimate leopards’ numbers. A study states: "Out of 1,205 plaster casts only 537 were subjected to further analysis by a team of wildlife managers. Based on this analysis it is estimated that the leopard population in STR ranges from 51 to 55 individual leopards."

Given the absence of tigers, could its prey like Sambhar and Nilgai population explode unchecked? Nilgais and Sambhars are indeed thriving and their visibility has increased in the Sariska Tiger Reserve. But anecdotal evidence cannot be extrapolated scientifically. What if the Sambhar population leads to a super abundance? Dr. Jhala dismisses the speculation of super abundance with "rarely do predators control prey populations".

Another reason for leopards to thrive now in the absence of tigers is its psychological make up. Unlike the tiger, the leopard is a major coward. The sight of anything other than wildlife sends it pell-mell.

While the habitat for both the big cats is largely the same, there was a great potential for titanic clashes between the two in the same home! Leopards do not need thick forests as habitat. They can survive in rocky terrain, scrubby jungles, and even in the plains, plateaus, etc.

But given the luxurious numbers of ungulates and the absence of tigers in Sariska today, this is perhaps the best possible ecological consequence of the unfortunate annihilation of tigers. Secondly better protection in a protected area and a credible leopard census, never before undertaken can make Sariska the best theatre for a notified Project Leopard on the sidelines of Project Tiger, India’s campaign to save the tiger.

In the past decade, India has lost more leopards than tigers. An August 2006 report of the Wildlife Protection Society of India says parts of 2,766 leopards were recovered in various raids and seizures. The same report explains further that body parts from 783 tigers and 777 otters were also recovered in raids and seizures till then. Estimates vary, but reliable reports emanating from wildlife NGOs, and the Central Bureau of Intelligence etc., suggest more than 6,000 leopards skins and around 18,000 leopards claws have been seized.

But putting a number on leopards will remain in the realm of speculation because there has never been a leopard census in India within or outside the protected areas. Never before has there been a greater need for a credible count of leopards and tigers. It is part of the legacy that future generations have a right to inherit.
Source:
http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38933

Illegal wildlife trade grows in India.

Fri Aug 17, 2007 6:12AM EDT
By Nita Bhalla

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - India's illegal wildlife trade is growing with crime syndicates making millions of dollars from the killing, smuggling and selling of rare animals like tigers, the head of a wildlife watchdog said on Friday.

"The situation regarding the illegal trade in wildlife parts in India is very grim," Samir Sinha, head of TRAFFIC India, the wildlife trade monitoring arm of WWF and the World Conservation Union (IUCN), told Reuters in an interview.

"It is a vast, a varied trade ranging from smuggling of rare medicinal plants to butterflies to peafowls to tigers and it is difficult to predict how big it is, but the threats and dimensions suggest that the trade is increasing."

The tiger is facing the threat of extinction with early results from a new census suggesting there could be as few as 1,500 tigers left in India, compared to a century ago when there were around 40,000.

Leopards, rhinos, reptiles, birds and insects as well as rare species of trees and plants are also being smuggled into southeast Asian countries and China.

Wildlife experts say tiger and leopard parts are in great demand in China and other Asian countries. They are wanted for their skins, which are worn during festivals, as well as for their bones and body parts which are used in traditional medicines.

Sinha said China's booming economy had led to more demand for such expensive products. Some experts estimate that a single tiger skin can cost $20,000 on the international market.

"I think it's fair to say that the demand for wildlife parts in China is one of the biggest threats to India's biodiversity," said Sinha.

One of the biggest seizures in India was made in 2000, said Sinha, when a truck was found to be carrying 18,000 leopard claws, 132 tiger claws, four tiger skins, 70 leopard skins, 221 blackbuck skins, 150 kg (330 lb) of leopard and tiger bones and a dried leopard penis.

By Nita Bhalla

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - India's illegal wildlife trade is growing with crime syndicates making millions of dollars from the killing, smuggling and selling of rare animals like tigers, the head of a wildlife watchdog said on Friday.

"The situation regarding the illegal trade in wildlife parts in India is very grim," Samir Sinha, head of TRAFFIC India, the wildlife trade monitoring arm of WWF and the World Conservation Union (IUCN), told Reuters in an interview.

"It is a vast, a varied trade ranging from smuggling of rare medicinal plants to butterflies to peafowls to tigers and it is difficult to predict how big it is, but the threats and dimensions suggest that the trade is increasing."

The tiger is facing the threat of extinction with early results from a new census suggesting there could be as few as 1,500 tigers left in India, compared to a century ago when there were around 40,000.

Leopards, rhinos, reptiles, birds and insects as well as rare species of trees and plants are also being smuggled into southeast Asian countries and China.

Wildlife experts say tiger and leopard parts are in great demand in China and other Asian countries. They are wanted for their skins, which are worn during festivals, as well as for their bones and body parts which are used in traditional medicines.

Sinha said China's booming economy had led to more demand for such expensive products. Some experts estimate that a single tiger skin can cost $20,000 on the international market.

"I think it's fair to say that the demand for wildlife parts in China is one of the biggest threats to India's biodiversity," said Sinha.

One of the biggest seizures in India was made in 2000, said Sinha, when a truck was found to be carrying 18,000 leopard claws, 132 tiger claws, four tiger skins, 70 leopard skins, 221 blackbuck skins, 150 kg (330 lb) of leopard and tiger bones and a dried leopard penis.

Source:
http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSDEL8332720070817?sp=true

Modi visits flood-affected areas.

Sibte Husain Bukhari

Junagadh, August 11: Taking stock of the flood situation, Chief Minister Narendra Modi visited Junagadh on Saturday afternoon and chaired a meeting with senior district officials at Keshod Airport. The Chief Minister later flew in an ESSAR company chopper to make an aerial survey of the flood-affected areas of the district, said officials. Modi also issued necessary instructions and assured everyone by saying “things will be normal in a week.”

Sources said Modi made aerial survey of Malia, Veraval and Sutrapada taluka’s villages of Kajli, Dabhor, Amarapur, Dhamlej, Talala city and Gir forest. He also flew over Kamleshwar dam near Sasan-Gir and Hiran, Saraswati and Dewaka river streamside villages.

Junagadh Collector Ashwini Kumar said that Modi was briefed about the flood situation and of the action taken by authorities to restore normalcy in the region.

Source:
http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=250498

Friday, August 17, 2007

Warning over wildlife souvenirs

Wildlife campaigners are asking British holidaymakers not to buy any souvenirs abroad which they think may have been made from a protected species.

The conservation charity WWF says purchasing items such as coral and elephant ivory carvings is catastrophic for wildlife, as well as illegal.

Tiger parts were used in medicines confiscated by Customs

UK customs confiscated 163,000 illegal wildlife trade items - many made from endangered species - in the last year.

Oriental medicine topped the list of seizures made - with 97 in a year.

Some of these medicines had been prepared using parts of animals such as tigers, rhinos and sea horses.

HM Customs and Excise made 44 seizures of snake and lizard products such as handbags and shoes between 2006-2007, and 39 seizures of similar crocodile and alligator products.

The WWF's warning comes at the height of the holiday season, as thousands of British tourists head for numerous countries.

'Near extinction'

It said tourists should consider carefully their choice of souvenir and whether it was likely to have been made out of endangered flora or fauna.

HIGHEST NUMBER OF SEIZURES
1. Oriental medicine
2. Snake and lizard products
3. Alligator and crocodile items
4. Plants, such as orchids
5. Live reptiles
Source: WWF

Heather Sohl, wildlife trade officer at WWF, said the message was "if in doubt - don't buy".

"Many tourists could be unwittingly helping to push some of the world's most endangered species to the brink of extinction - all for the sake of an exotic souvenir.

"Although the latest figures indicate that some illegal wildlife trade items are being brought in by wildlife criminals, the majority appear to be innocently brought back by holidaymakers as souvenirs."

The charity said that, as well as species such as elephants and turtles, many corals, reptiles and orchids were also protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).

The WWF wants any suspicious items seen at home or abroad which may be linked to the illegal wildlife trade to be reported using its dedicated hotline on 01483 426111.
Source:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6948921.stm

Thursday, August 16, 2007

Lion

The King of Beasts - through ages lion has earned unparalleled respect from mankind for his strength, courage and nobility among all other animals. Named 'Panthera Leo', lion is the second largest cat with a weight ranging from 350-520 lbs and a body length from 2-2.8 metres for the males. The females are smaller with a weight and height range of 250-350 lbs and 1.4-1.9 metres respectively. Having a wide geographic distribution historically, lions currently reside in the wild only in Africa and India. Similarly two distinct subspecies are broadly recognized - the African and Asiatic Lion.

The oldest fossil record of Panthera Leo dates back 3.5 million years and was discovered in Tanzania. Lions had a huge range historically and were found in Europe and America as early as 10,000 years ago. The Eurasian Cave Lion, followed closely by the American Lion, was perhaps the largest cat to have existed. Both these great cats became extinct during the last ice age with the eradication of their prey animals. Widespread hunting also contributed to their downfall as lions disappeared from North Africa and major parts of Asia, limited today to Sub-Saharan Africa and Gir forest in India.

Lions usually have a uniform coloration, varying from golden to brown. Cubs frequently have spots on their coat that disappear as they age. Sometimes they persist and are visible on limbs and belly, that usually is whitish in color (particularly in lionesses). Male lions are the only cats to sport a mane, though male tigers frequently have mane-like hair surrounding their skull. However, mane in case of lions extends to their neck, shoulders and belly. The evolutionary origin of the mane is a subject of some controversy with some authorities maintaining that is an indication of sexual prowess and testosterone levels while others argue that its chief function is protection against other lions in fights. Both views appear to be true, however mane is frequently seen to be linked with environmental conditions. Captive lions in cooler climates of Europe and North America sport heavier manes whereas the lions of bushy Tsavo region in Kenya are maneless. Lions have the largest skull amongst all cats, with strong jaws and canines designed to suit their carnivorous lifestyle.

Lions have a social lifestyle unique from all other cats. They live in groups, called prides, that vary in number from 3-5 in case of Asiatic lions to up to 30-40 in African lions' case. Group living offers them several advantages including cooperative hunting and protection for the cubs. A pride usually consists of 1-3 adult male lions and 10-20 lionesses and their cubs. Female lionesses usually stay in a pride for the entirety of their lives, wheres males are removed from the pride by the adults as they reach maturity, and must search and take over a pride of their own. Lions are excellent hunters and are capable of taking down prey of any size owing to their specialized hunting skills. Females are the chief hunters and owing to their sleek yet immensely strong body structure are one of the most fearful hunters in all of animal kingdom. Usual approach is to circle the targeted prey and close in gradually. Couple of lionesses initiate the charge with the specific purpose of scaring and confusing the herd as they run straight towards the remaining members of the pride that stalk the prey's exit routes. Death is usually by suffocation however, lions are fully capable of killing up to medium-sized animals by swats from their giant forepaws. In fact lionesses often specialize in killing even large prey like zebra by breaking their neck through shear momentum as they try to avulse it during their leap. Contrary to popular belief, recent research shows that males partake in up to 50-60% of all hunts - particularly for big prey like the cape buffalo. However, the chief function of the big males is protection of the pride from outside threats. With a big mane, immensely strong forequarters and powerful jaws - lions are perhaps the best fighters amongst land mammals. The other predominant feature of the male lion is his bravery. Great hunters and historians maintain the lion as the king of beasts because of its great strength and courage. While the tiger slinks away through the forest, the lion stands his ground, at times showing incredible daring. There are few things more fearful than a hungry lion and at times his mere roar has caused many a hunters to fall from the machan to lion's hungry jaws. Lion's roar is in fact the loudest amongst all cats and on a clear day carries over several kilometers.

Lions usually prey on antelope, gazelle, zebra, wildebeest, warthog and buffalo. However lions have been known to prey on elephants and hippos in Botswana. There are accounts of black rhinoceros kills in Etosha national park by lions. At times lions, driven by disease, lack of prey or habitat encroachment by humans, turn to man-eating. Man-eating lions display supreme cunning and daring and are highly feared by African natives, considered demons and supernatural spirits. Apart from all his savagery, lion displays nobility too and unlike the leopard, rarely attacks humans unless driven by extreme hunger.

Lions mate several times in a year and females give birth to up to four or five cubs after a gestational period lasting nearly three and a half to four months. Cubs suckle from their mothers and other pride females up to six months and in case of males usually stay with the pride up to two years of age. Despite protection of the pride, up to 50% of lion cubs in the wild do not survive owing to starvation or occasional cannibalism by other lions. When nomadic male lions take over a pride from the resident males, after a bloody and often mortal battle, they kill their cubs. This serves not only to bring the lionesses in heat but also to ensure only their gene pool continues in the next generation. The average reign of a male lion over a pride is usually 3 years. He is in his peak condition from 4 years to 9 years of age, and his authority is absolute over the plains of Africa!
Source: http://ailurophiles.blogspot.com/2007/05/lion.html

Tuesday, August 14, 2007

It’s raining leopards in Junagadh.

Express News Service

Junagadh, August 13: Life may have come to standstill in Junagadh district due to heavy rains, but two leopards, which took shelter in houses located in Gir created quite a stir last week. No casualties have, however, been reported and rescue operations have been termed successful. Meanwhile, the carcass of a leopard cub has been found near Sankhada village. However, a leopard, which fell into a 55-feet-deep well at Kalsari village has been rescued. The two leopards that strayed into villages in search of food, were caught and shifted to Sasan forest headquarters. Narad Barad, a resident of Arnej village in Kodinar taluka found a leopard in his house when he woke up on Thursday. He immediately vacated the house and informed the forest officials. In a separate incident in Mundia-Ravni village near Visavadar town, another leopard entered a house on Friday, which was caught by the forest officials.

Source:
http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=250845

Friday, August 10, 2007

Key witness in Salman black buck case dies.

10 Aug 2007,
Rahul Mangaonkar,TNN

AHMEDABAD: This could be the final blow to investigations into the black buck poaching case involving Salman Khan. After the files of the case disappeared suddenly, a local guide, a co-accused who could have turned a witness, has now died.

Khan is accused of hunting black bucks during the making of the film, 'Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam,' in Samrasar and Bhirandiara villages of Kutch in 1998. Accompanying Khan and another accused, Aishwarya Rai, was Babuji, a local guide, who, police say witnessed the poaching. Mahendrasinh Kachhawa, a lawyer is representing the forest department of Rajasthan in this case, said during his last visit to Kutch he found that Babuji, a key witness, had died.

The CID (crime), which is handling the case, could have turned Babuji into an approver to strengthen the investigations. While Salman awaits the verdict of his appeal against a five-year-prison sentence in Rajasthan, it seems that he and Aishwarya may walk free for their alleged hunting offence in Gujarat.

Now everything hinges on the forest department finding the missing Salman files. These files have the statements of the accused and the witnesses, a forest department official said.

A statement recorded before a forest officer can be produced in a court. Therefore, apart from the statements of Salman and Aishwariya, those of Babuji and other locals are crucial. Therefore, the files would ensure whether the accused are nailed or not.

Source:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Key_witness_in_Salman_black_buck_case_dies/articleshow/2269681.cms

Sweet pills for Asiatic lion.

10 Aug 2007,
Tanushree Roy Chowdhury,TNN

NEW DELHI: Ghaghas, an Asiatic lion, is a medical miracle. Considered a 'lost case', it has roared back to life with homeopathic treatment.

Ghaghas arrived in Delhi in October 2004. Captured from the wild, he had adapted well to the zoo surroundings. But on March 15, Ghaghas left his meal unfinished. The keepers made a note of it and the zoo veterinary gave him injections which continued for the next three days.

He refused to eat for all the three days. By the next week, his appetite had fallen drastically and he had started salivating. The drugs administered did not seem to help him much and Ghaghas' blood samples were sent for tests. Though Ghaghas started eating in a few days, he showed symptoms of limping on his hind legs and was unable to stand properly.

"After a month, he could not lift his hind portion. We started feeding him mutton and chicken instead of the regular buffalo calf meal. He responded well to the change and ate 70-80% of the food which was a good sign. However, his condition did not seem to improve," said D N Singh, director of Delhi zoo.

Ghaghas was shifted to the squeeze cage or the treatment cage. When his condition did not improve in the coming weeks even after he was eating a good diet and was administered medicines and given hot fermentation, the authorities panicked. "In such a situation all one could do was to count days. Ghaghas developed pus in his legs and the hind legs got swollen. It was then we decided to consult wildlife experts from Gujarat considering that lions in India are found only in Gir forest (Gujarat)," added Singh.

Zoo authorities got in touch with the chief wildlife warden, Gujarat, who in turn recommended them to Dr R G Jani from Veterinary College in Anand. "After seeing Ghaghas' reports, Dr Jani recommended him homeopathy medicine. The lion showed improvement within two months and got back on all fours on August 3, almost six months after he fell ill. He is weak from the illness but has stabilised," said Singh.

However, the zoo officials are worried about their two-year-old lioness, Meera, who was born in captivity. She has started showing the same symptoms as Ghaghas since July 5. However, she has given up on eating completely and is currently admitted at the zoo hospital and is being administered intra-venous. The officials are worried about her fate. "The problem with most animals is that they show symptoms at the final stage which makes their treatment very difficult," said Singh.

Source:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Sweet_pills_for_Asiatic_lion/articleshow/2269614.cms

Thursday, August 9, 2007

Gir lions need a second home.

2 Aug 2002, 2248 hrs IST,Shyam Parekh,TNN

AHMEDABAD: Narrowing gene pool, habitat under pressure and fear of extinction have compelled experts to think about finding a second home for the Gir lions.
A look at the history shows us how big and widespread the Gir forest was. Poet Zaverchand Meghani had mentioned in his works that Gir forests stretched till Gondal in the north, which is some 80 km from Sasan. It is also believed that there was a continuous corridor of vegetation between Gir and Girnar range outside Junagadh, making it into a one complete and compact unit of forest.
Today, both places are separated by over 40 km of human habitation.
"In the early 20th century, Gir was nearly 5,000 sq km in size, but has today shrunk down to a mere 1,412 sq km, thanks to agriculture and human habitats," says retired principal chief conservator of forests Sanat Chavan.
Figures of different census carried out in Gir from time to time show how the lion population was affected following reduction in green cover. The lion numbers were falling and had touched a low of 167 in 1960s.
The turnaround came in 1968 when the Smithsonian Institute of the USA, the Aberdeen University, Bombay Natural History Society and the Gujarat Forest Department jointly launched the 'Gir project'. This happened after some eminent wildlife enthusiasts and naturalists appealed to the state government about the pathetic and severely deteriorating ecological conditions of Gir, largely because of overgrazing.
"Majority of the cattle-rearing maldharis were removed from the forests which resulted in grazing pressure. The results were obvious, the population of spotted deer (chittal) has since risen from 400 to 40,000," he says.
The forest department then came up with the idea of shifting some of the lions to Barda Hills, which had been a home to lions in historic times. But the project was soon shelved as there was no prey base.
Subsequently in 1994, the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) prepared a second home project, for lions. Kuno Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh was identified for the purpose. Alternately, Sitamata Sanctuary in Rajasthan was also considered for the project.
But "for all intents and purposes the habitat at Kuno is well suited to the lions. The prey density is low but it has definitely increased over the last few years. With better management, the situation can improve quite rapidly", believes WII expert Dr Ravi Chellam.
Lions need large areas of at least 1000 sq km and finding such large habitats is proving to be very very difficult these days. At this point in time it is difficult to find a better place than Kuno for shifting lions, he argues.
"Twenty-three of 24 villages have been shifted out of the sanctuary. A separate Kuno wildlife division has been constituted with an area of 1283 sq km, including the Kuno wildlife sanctuary, of 345 sq km in area," says Arpan Sharma of Samrakashan, a non-governmental organisation working for the rehabilitation project in Kuno.
Making a case for Kuno he says. "this additional area surrounding the sanctuary is meant to serve as a buffer to accommodate a dispersing lion population".
While preparation for a second home might be on full swing in Madhya Pradesh, there is no intimation to the Gujarat Forest Department about that.
"We don't know of any such project," says principal chief conservator of forests JP Agrawal. When asked about the Kuno project he said that neither the Madhya Pradesh forest department had consulted its counterpart in Gujarat nor had the ministry of environment and forests informed it.
It is this lack of co-ordination between participating agencies that is delaying the second home project. Meanwhile, consideration for an alternative home within Gujarat, is on.

Source:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/17894761.cms

South China’s taste for wildlife!

Date:02/08/2008

Author:Walter Parham

Consuming endangered wildlife is illegal in China, but it continues on a large scale in the country’s south. Walter Parham reports on a habit that locals just cannot kick – even after the SARS crisis.

The destruction of south China’s wildlife habitats started about 1,000 years ago, and still continues today. This led to many animal extinctions and severe reductions in wildlife populations, and has been compounded by the use of wildlife for food and for ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
One might imagine that the pressure on wildlife would have decreased as levels of education and urban incomes have risen in the region. But the greatest reduction in wildlife consumption was actually in 2003, and came as a result of public fears about the risks of catching Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) from wild animals. In late 2004, the demand for civet cats decreased so much due to the fear of SARS that 141 farms released 4,000 of the animals into the wild.
Bird flu later added to this concern.
Many Chinese people believe that eating wildlife is a bad habit, and some will even say it is barbaric, but the practice has persisted in China for around 2,000 years. A 2003 poll taken in Guangdong province found that half of the population had eaten wildlife, snake being named as the favourite of 45% of those surveyed.



A caged masked palm civet for sale in a Guangzhou wild-animal food market in 2006
(Photo courtesy of Animals Asia Foundation, Hong Kong)

With increased affluence in large south China cities such as Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, greater numbers of well-educated urban men have been reported as travelling to other cities on the Chinese mainland to enjoy feasts of endangered and protected wildlife species – in order to flaunt their wealth. Feast menus typically include cobras and other poisonous snakes, pangolins (a small, scaly animal) and civet cats.

The figures are staggering. Twenty tonnes of snakes and as many as 20,000 birds were eaten every day in Guangdong restaurants in 2001, reported the South China Morning Post. One Guangzhou restaurant, “Chock Full O’Snakes”, served 600 to 700 kilograms of snakes every day throughout January 2001 – the first month of the Year of the Snake. Some wildlife restaurants in Guangzhou can seat as many as 1,000 people.

In 2001, China announced fines of 1,000 to 10,000 yuan for anyone caught eating protected wildlife. But in 2004 Xinhua news agency reported the State Forestry Administration as saying that the cobra population has fallen 90% in the previous decade, while numbers of the common rat snake had dropped 75%.
The scarcity of wildlife in Guangdong province, stemming from the high demand for wild animals for food, has meant increasing imports of wildlife from other southern provinces, as well as other Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, India and Vietnam – and even some African countries. These imports increase the pressure on wildlife in these locations.

Smuggling has also become commonplace in nearby Hong Kong, due to the high market value of many endangered or protected wildlife species in mainland China. A look at some Hong Kong police reports highlights the magnitude of the problem: in 2001, the Hong Kong authorities uncovered a shipment of 2.7 tonnes of pangolin scales, a yield that would require the scales of 5,000 to 6,000 pangolins. The next year, crates containing 600 cobras were smuggled into Hong Kong from Malaysia, but were intercepted by the police by a dangerous, high-speed boat chase. And in 2005, a shipment of 1,800 skinned and vacuum-packed pangolins was discovered. The list goes on, and these incidents only represent the tip of the iceberg of the wildlife smuggling trade.



Pangolin
The 2003 SARS outbreak caused widespread concern in China about the possible hazards of eating wild animals. The link between SARS and the handling and eating of certain wildlife was proposed by medical researchers, and the Chinese government closed or relocated a number of wildlife markets, as well as closing many wildlife restaurants. At the height of the outbreak, the Guangdong government banned the breeding, consumption and trading of wildlife. But sales resumed shortly after the SARS crisis had passed. Renewed efforts by the Guangdong health authorities in 2007 to confiscate civet cats led to a haul of 15 civet cats and 22 kilograms of civet-cat cutlets. Health authorities in the Guangdong city of Foshan recently banned the eating of field mice, after vendors were found to have killed the mice with poison before selling them to restaurants.

Although recent evidence suggests that wildlife consumption has slowed, there is also reason to believe that smuggling continues. If something on the scale of a SARS outbreak does not resurface, will the public become increasingly complacent about eating wild animals again? And will environmental education alter people’s eating habits and reduce wildlife consumption? We can only hope, but I am not so certain.

Walter Parham, Ph.D. (University of Illinois in geology/clay mineralogy) has conducted research part-time in China and Hong Kong for around 40 years. His affiliations include among others the Federation of American Scientists’ director of China Tropical Lands Research, the University of Hong Kong’s Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre, and the South China Agricultural University in Guangzhou.

Source:
http://www.theecologist.org/archive_detail.asp?content_id=1012

Wednesday, August 8, 2007

Actor's case files go missing in Gujarat

7 Aug 2007,
0154 hrs IST,
Rahul Mangaonkar,TNN
AHMEDABAD:

Is the Gujarat forest department shielding Bollywood actor Salman Khan in a 10-year-old blackbuck poaching case?

It would seem so, with the forest department refusing to share information with CID even after repeated requests. Vital documents, such as the department's investigation report and inquiry papers, have not been given, stating that they are lost and would be given when found.

Even Khan's statement, for which officials of the forest department had flown down to Mumbai, seems to have been lost, putting a big question mark on the forest department's motives.

It is believed that principal secretary, home department, Balwant Singh, has written to principal secretary, forests and environment, P N Roychoudhary, on this matter. CID might now take it as a case of destruction of evidence and lodge offences against forest officials.

Khan was accused of hunting blackbucks during the making of the film, Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam at Samrasar and Bhirandiara villages in Kutch in 1998.

The incident allegedly took place around the same time Khan was booked in a similar case near Jodhpur. But while Rajasthan made rapid progress with the case, Gujarat has been trailing behind with the investigations.

Source:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Actors_case_files_go_missing_in_Gujarat/articleshow/2260931.cms

Monday, August 6, 2007

India says "gravely endangered" wildlife need help

Mon Aug 6, 2007 12:49PM BST

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Snow leopards, Asiatic lions, Gangetic dolphins and wild buffaloes are among Indian wildlife species that are "gravely endangered," the government has warned.

Existing conservation measures for 14 rare species were inadequate, the Environment Ministry said in the agenda for a forthcoming meeting of the National Board for Wildlife, a copy of which was seen by Reuters on Monday.

"With mounting demographic pressures, there are today a number of species which are gravely endangered, whose long-term survival can only be ensured if a determined effort is undertaken to initiate specific recovery plans," it said.

Other threatened species include the great Indian bustard, Malabar civet, pigmy hog, white winged wood duck, Andaman teal and the hangul, also know as the Kashmir stag.

Experts say increasing human interference such as development, encroachment and destruction of habitat, as well as poaching, are the main threats to the animals, which populate areas from the Himalayas to the Andaman and Nicobar islands.

The animals now often exist in isolated populations and authorities say its difficult to employ general conservation measures used on high profile species such as tigers and elephants as the needs and habitats of the animals are different.

"The isolation of animal species due to fragmentation of habitats reduces relict populations to unviable levels, leading to local extinctions," said the ministry.

India is the last bastion of the Asiatic lion, yet the big cats are now only found in the Gir landscape in the western state of Gujarat.

Considering the serious threats from epidemics or other natural disasters that could lead to extinction, the ministry says measures such as relocation of some of the lions to another sanctuary should be employed.

Likewise, the snow leopard, which inhabits the Himalayan mountains, should be given extra protection from poachers who hunt the cat for its pelt, which commands a high price on the international market, say experts.

Conservationists say measures to protect the Ganges river dolphins -- whose numbers have halved over the last 25 years as they are hunted for oil, trapped in fishing nets and hit by pollution from dams -- should include keeping pollution levels in check.

"This is a welcome measure as we have always assumed that measures to protect the tiger and elephant would automatically cover smaller species," said Sujoy Banerjee, WWF India's director for species conservation.

"But there are certain animals whose needs should be dealt with separately."

Source:
http://uk.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUKDEL10174820070806

Saturday, August 4, 2007

After leopard cub, lioness run over by vehicle, dies on road.

THE INDIAN EXPRESS
SIBTE HUSAIN BUKHARI
JUNAGADH AUGUST 3 2007

In less than 24 hours after a leopard cub was killed in a road mishap, one more big cat – this time a juvenile lioness- was knocked down by a vehicle in Gir East Forest Division on fiday. The incident took place on the State Highway no 90 between Chaturi and Khadadhar villages in Khambha taluka.

Deputy Conservator of Forest (Gir East) V G Rana rushed to the spot and recovered the carcass and shifted it to Khambha for post mortem. Veterinary officer of Khambha carried out the post mortem.

“The lioness was about two years old. An unknown vehicle reportedly ran over it, killing it on the spot. The post mortem report said that the animal died due to injury.” Rana said.

The lioness received multiple fractures on its right hand and on the upper part of the head. All the 19 claws of the lioness were however, found to be intact. “The hunt is on to trace the vehicle,” said the Forest official.

On Thursday, an unknown vehicle had run over a five month old leopard cub.

On July 26, a leopard was caged form the outskirts of Junagadh. And from Januaryto July this year, 17 leopards were caged from revenue area in Gir West Forest Division. In Gir East, officials caught three leopard form revenue areas in May, June and July.

Such incidents ring the alarming bell to the effect that there is an increasing pressure on wildlife in and around Gir, which is the habitat for the last surviving group of Asiatic Lions. Forest officials say incidents of man-animal conflict have been on the rise in the past decade.

“Every year, we carry out about 60 wildlife (lions and leopards) rescue operations in an area falling under Junagadh Wildlife Circle that covers Junagadh, Amreli and Porbander districtrs. Of the 60 operations, about 40 are caged from revenue areas,” says Bharat Pathak, Conservator of Forest (Wildlife).

Pathak says increase in wildlife population increases pressure on both sides – in revenue and forest areas. According to census of May 2006, there are more that 1,100 leopards in Gujarat, 30 per cent of which are in Junagadh district only.

About big cats meeting with mishaps while crossing roads, Pathak said: “We have identified three roads on which wild animals move frequently. We have written to the Roads and Buildings departments to put speed breakers on these roads.”

Deputy Conservator of Forest (Gir West) B P Pati ways that rescuing animals from revenue areas takes place round the year. “When we receive complaints aobout leopards sheltering in revenue areas, particularly in sugarcane farm or agriculture land , we cage them and shift to suitable places” said Pati.

Population in Junagadh wildlife circle:

Census Year..Lions..Leopards
1990.........284....212
1995.........304....268
2001.........327....311
2005-2006....359....380+

Leopard population growth in State

Year.....Number
1984.....498
2002.....999
2006.....1100